SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
| |
|
|
| þ |
|
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended June 30,
2010
OR
| |
|
|
| o |
|
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
for the transition period from _____ to _____
Commission file
number 1-08323
CIGNA Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified
in its charter)
| |
|
|
| Delaware |
|
06-1059331 |
|
|
|
|
| (State or other jurisdiction |
|
(I.R.S. Employer |
| of incorporation or organization) |
|
Identification No.) |
Two Liberty
Place, 1601 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19192
(Address of principal
executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code
(215) 761-1000
Registrant’s facsimile number,
including area code (215) 761-3596
Not
Applicable
(Former name, former
address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes
þ No o
Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate
Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and
posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to
submit and post such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large
accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Large accelerated filer þ |
|
Accelerated filer o |
|
Non-accelerated filer o |
|
Smaller Reporting Company o |
Indicate by check mark
whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
As of July 16,
2010, 272,188,406 shares of the issuer’s common stock were outstanding.
CIGNA
CORPORATION
INDEX
As used herein,
“CIGNA” or the “Company” refers to one or more of CIGNA Corporation and its
consolidated subsidiaries.
Part I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|
|
|
| Item 1. |
|
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
CIGNA
Corporation
Consolidated
Statements of Income
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Unaudited |
|
|
Unaudited |
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions, except per share amounts) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums and
fees |
|
$ |
4,504 |
|
|
$ |
4,013 |
|
|
$ |
9,047 |
|
|
$ |
8,064 |
|
|
Net investment
income |
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
549 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
Mail order pharmacy
revenues |
|
|
351 |
|
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
628 |
|
|
Other revenues |
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
(83 |
) |
|
|
247 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
Realized investment
gains (losses): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other-than-temporary
impairments on debt securities, net |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
Other realized
investment gains (losses) |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total realized
investment gains (losses) |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues |
|
|
5,353 |
|
|
|
4,488 |
|
|
|
10,558 |
|
|
|
9,261 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits and
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health Care medical
claims expense |
|
|
2,078 |
|
|
|
1,748 |
|
|
|
4,287 |
|
|
|
3,528 |
|
|
Other benefit
expenses |
|
|
977 |
|
|
|
689 |
|
|
|
1,856 |
|
|
|
1,797 |
|
|
Mail order pharmacy
cost of goods sold |
|
|
290 |
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
575 |
|
|
|
507 |
|
|
GMIB fair value
(gain) loss |
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
(164 |
) |
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
(196 |
) |
|
Other operating
expenses |
|
|
1,405 |
|
|
|
1,330 |
|
|
|
2,819 |
|
|
|
2,722 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total benefits and
expenses |
|
|
4,914 |
|
|
|
3,858 |
|
|
|
9,697 |
|
|
|
8,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from
Continuing Operations before Income Taxes |
|
|
439 |
|
|
|
630 |
|
|
|
861 |
|
|
|
903 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total taxes |
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
282 |
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from
Continuing Operations |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
435 |
|
|
|
579 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
Income from
Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
Income |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
435 |
|
|
|
579 |
|
|
|
644 |
|
|
Less: Net Income
Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ Net
Income |
|
$ |
294 |
|
|
$ |
435 |
|
|
$ |
577 |
|
|
$ |
643 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic Earnings Per
Share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
$ |
1.07 |
|
|
$ |
1.59 |
|
|
$ |
2.10 |
|
|
$ |
2.35 |
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from discontinued operations |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ net
income |
|
$ |
1.07 |
|
|
$ |
1.59 |
|
|
$ |
2.10 |
|
|
$ |
2.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted Earnings Per
Share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
$ |
1.06 |
|
|
$ |
1.58 |
|
|
$ |
2.08 |
|
|
$ |
2.34 |
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from discontinued operations |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ net
income |
|
$ |
1.06 |
|
|
$ |
1.58 |
|
|
$ |
2.08 |
|
|
$ |
2.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends Declared Per
Share |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
0.040 |
|
|
$ |
0.040 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts Attributable
to CIGNA: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
$ |
294 |
|
|
$ |
435 |
|
|
$ |
577 |
|
|
$ |
642 |
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from discontinued operations |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ Net
Income |
|
$ |
294 |
|
|
$ |
435 |
|
|
$ |
577 |
|
|
$ |
643 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these
statements.
1
CIGNA
Corporation
Consolidated Balance
Sheets
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Unaudited |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
As of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, |
|
| (In
millions, except per share amounts) |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturities, at
fair value (amortized cost, $13,322; $12,580) |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
14,744 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
13,443 |
|
|
Equity securities, at
fair value (cost, $138; $137) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
Commercial mortgage
loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,409 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,522 |
|
|
Policy loans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,558 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,549 |
|
|
Real estate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
Other long-term
investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
608 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
595 |
|
|
Short-term
investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,784 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,839 |
|
|
Cash and cash
equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,449 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
924 |
|
|
Accrued investment
income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
231 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
238 |
|
|
Premiums, accounts and
notes receivable, net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,457 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,361 |
|
|
Reinsurance
recoverables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,483 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,597 |
|
|
Deferred policy
acquisition costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
997 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
943 |
|
|
Property and
equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
875 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
862 |
|
|
Deferred income taxes,
net |
|
|
|
|
|
|
868 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,029 |
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,879 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,876 |
|
|
Other assets, including
other intangibles |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
Separate account
assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,214 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,288 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
44,432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
43,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contractholder deposit
funds |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
8,519 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
8,484 |
|
|
Future policy
benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,136 |
|
|
Unpaid claims and claim
expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,947 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,968 |
|
|
Health Care medical
claims payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,268 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
921 |
|
|
Unearned premiums and
fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
410 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total insurance and
contractholder liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,502 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21,936 |
|
|
Accounts payable,
accrued expenses and other liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,866 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,797 |
|
|
Short-term
debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
326 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
Long-term debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,436 |
|
|
Nonrecourse
obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
Separate account
liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,214 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,288 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
38,441 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37,584 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contingencies — Note
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’
Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock (par value
per share, $0.25; shares issued, 351) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
Additional paid-in
capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, fixed maturities |
|
$ |
569 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
378 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, equity securities |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
depreciation, derivatives |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Net translation of
foreign currencies |
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
Postretirement benefits
liability adjustment |
|
|
(1,050 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(958 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other
comprehensive loss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(539 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(618 |
) |
|
Retained
earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,129 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,625 |
|
|
Less treasury stock, at
cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,228 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,192 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shareholders’
equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,976 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,417 |
|
|
Noncontrolling
interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,991 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and
equity |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
44,432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
43,013 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ Equity
Per Share |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
21.89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
19.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these
statements.
2
CIGNA
Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Changes in
Total Equity
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Unaudited |
|
| |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
| |
|
Compre- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compre- |
|
|
|
|
| (In millions, except per share amounts) |
|
hensive |
|
|
Total |
|
|
hensive |
|
|
Total |
|
| Three
Months Ended June 30, |
|
Income |
|
|
Equity |
|
|
Income |
|
|
Equity |
|
|
Common Stock, April
1 and June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional Paid-In
Capital, April 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,522 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,505 |
|
|
Effects of stock
issuance for employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional Paid-In
Capital, June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss, April 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(530 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,036 |
) |
|
Implementation effect
of updated guidance on other-than-temporary impairments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, fixed maturities |
|
$ |
119 |
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
$ |
212 |
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation (depreciation), equity securities |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation on securities |
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation (depreciation), derivatives |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
Net translation of
foreign currencies |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
Postretirement benefits
liability adjustment |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive
income (loss) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
217 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss, June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(539 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(837 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained Earnings,
April 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,840 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,536 |
|
|
Shareholders’ net
income |
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
435 |
|
|
|
435 |
|
|
Effects of stock
issuance for employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
Implementation effect
of updated guidance on other-than-temporary impairment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained Earnings,
June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,129 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury Stock,
April 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,119 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,262 |
) |
|
Repurchase of common
stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(123 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Other, primarily
issuance of treasury stock for employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury Stock,
June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,228 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,254 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’
Comprehensive Income and Shareholders’ Equity |
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
5,976 |
|
|
|
652 |
|
|
|
4,489 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncontrolling
interest, April 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
Net income attributable
to noncontrolling interest |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Accumulated other
comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncontrolling
interest, June 30, |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Comprehensive
Income and Total Equity |
|
$ |
286 |
|
|
$ |
5,991 |
|
|
$ |
654 |
|
|
$ |
4,498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these
statements.
3
CIGNA
Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and
Changes in Total Equity
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Unaudited |
|
| |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
| |
|
Compre- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compre- |
|
|
|
|
| (In millions, except per share amounts) |
|
hensive |
|
|
Total |
|
|
hensive |
|
|
Total |
|
| Six
Months Ended June 30, |
|
Income |
|
|
Equity |
|
|
Income |
|
|
Equity |
|
|
Common Stock,
January 1 and June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional Paid-In
Capital, January 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,502 |
|
|
Effects of stock
issuance for employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional Paid-In
Capital, June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss, January 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(618 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,074 |
) |
|
Implementation effect
of updated guidance on other-than-temporary impairments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, fixed maturities |
|
$ |
191 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
$ |
265 |
|
|
|
265 |
|
|
Net unrealized
depreciation, equity securities |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation on securities |
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
265 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation (depreciation), derivatives |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
Net translation of
foreign currencies |
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
Postretirement benefits
liability adjustment |
|
|
(92 |
) |
|
|
(92 |
) |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other comprehensive
income |
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss, June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(539 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(837 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained Earnings,
January 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,374 |
|
|
Shareholders’ net
income |
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
Effects of stock
issuance for employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
Implementation effect
of updated guidance on other-than-temporary impairments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
Common dividends
declared (per share: $0.04; $0.04) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained Earnings,
June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,129 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury Stock,
January 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,192 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,298 |
) |
|
Repurchase of common
stock |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(123 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Other, primarily
issuance of treasury stock for employee benefit plans |
|
|
|
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury Stock,
June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,228 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,254 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’
Comprehensive Income and Shareholders’ Equity |
|
|
656 |
|
|
|
5,976 |
|
|
|
898 |
|
|
|
4,489 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncontrolling
interest, January 1, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
Net income attributable
to noncontrolling interest |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
Accumulated other
comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncontrolling
interest, June 30, |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Comprehensive
Income and Total Equity |
|
$ |
659 |
|
|
$ |
5,991 |
|
|
$ |
901 |
|
|
$ |
4,498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these
statements.
4
CIGNA
Corporation
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Unaudited |
|
| |
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Cash Flows from
Operating Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
579 |
|
|
$ |
644 |
|
|
Adjustments to
reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating
activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and
amortization |
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
Realized investment
(gains) losses |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
54 |
|
|
Deferred income
taxes |
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
190 |
|
|
Gains on sale of
businesses (excluding discontinued operations) |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
Income from
discontinued operations, net of taxes |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
Net changes in assets
and liabilities, net of non-operating effects: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Premiums, accounts and
notes receivable |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
(90 |
) |
|
Reinsurance
recoverables |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
Deferred policy
acquisition costs |
|
|
(87 |
) |
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
Other assets |
|
|
(165 |
) |
|
|
292 |
|
|
Insurance
liabilities |
|
|
375 |
|
|
|
(72 |
) |
|
Accounts payable,
accrued expenses and other liabilities |
|
|
(87 |
) |
|
|
(1,076 |
) |
|
Current income
taxes |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
Other, net |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by
operating activities |
|
|
773 |
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows from
Investing Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from
investments sold: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed
maturities |
|
|
446 |
|
|
|
397 |
|
|
Equity
securities |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
Commercial mortgage
loans |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
Other (primarily
short-term and other long-term investments) |
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
432 |
|
|
Investment maturities
and repayments: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed
maturities |
|
|
426 |
|
|
|
640 |
|
|
Commercial mortgage
loans |
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
Investments
purchased: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed
maturities |
|
|
(1,617 |
) |
|
|
(1,612 |
) |
|
Equity
securities |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Commercial mortgage
loans |
|
|
(65 |
) |
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
Other (primarily
short-term and other long-term investments) |
|
|
(329 |
) |
|
|
(361 |
) |
|
Property and equipment
purchases |
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
(136 |
) |
|
Other (primarily other
acquisitions/dispositions) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in
investing activities |
|
|
(536 |
) |
|
|
(648 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows from
Financing Activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deposits and interest
credited to contractholder deposit funds |
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
706 |
|
|
Withdrawals and benefit
payments from contractholder deposit funds |
|
|
(629 |
) |
|
|
(618 |
) |
|
Change in cash
overdraft position |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
Net change in
short-term debt |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
Issuance of long-term
debt |
|
|
296 |
|
|
|
346 |
|
|
Repayment of long-term
debt |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
Repurchase of common
stock |
|
|
(113 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Issuance of common
stock |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Common dividends
paid |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by
financing activities |
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of foreign
currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase
(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
(320 |
) |
|
Cash and cash
equivalents, January 1, |
|
|
924 |
|
|
|
1,342 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash
equivalents, June 30, |
|
$ |
1,449 |
|
|
$ |
1,022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental
Disclosure of Cash Information: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes paid, net
of refunds |
|
$ |
134 |
|
|
$ |
33 |
|
|
Interest paid |
|
$ |
84 |
|
|
$ |
75 |
|
The accompanying
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these
statements.
5
CIGNA CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1 — Basis of
Presentation
The Consolidated
Financial Statements include the accounts of CIGNA Corporation and its
significant subsidiaries (referred to collectively as “the Company”).
Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.
These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
(“GAAP”).
The interim
consolidated financial statements are unaudited but include all adjustments
(including normal recurring adjustments) necessary, in the opinion of
management, for a fair statement of financial position and results of operations
for the periods reported. The interim consolidated financial statements and
notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements
and Notes in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009.
The preparation of
interim consolidated financial statements necessarily relies heavily on
estimates. This and certain other factors, such as the seasonal nature of
portions of the health care and related benefits business as well as competitive
and other market conditions, call for caution in estimating full year results
based on interim results of operations.
Certain
reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the
current presentation.
Discontinued
operations for the six months ended June 30, 2009 primarily represented a
tax benefit associated with a past divestiture related to the completion of the
2005 and 2006 IRS examinations.
Unless otherwise
indicated, amounts in these Notes exclude the effects of discontinued
operations.
Note 2 — Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
Variable
interest entities. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company adopted
the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) amended guidance that
requires ongoing qualitative analysis to determine whether a variable interest
entity must be consolidated based on the entity’s purpose and design, the
Company’s ability to direct the entity’s activities that most significantly
impact its economic performance, and the Company’s right or obligation to
participate in that performance (ASC 810). A variable interest entity is
insufficiently capitalized or is not controlled by its equity owners through
voting or similar rights. These amendments must be applied to qualifying
special-purpose entities and troubled debt restructures formerly excluded from
such analysis. On adoption and through June 30, 2010, the Company was not
required to consolidate any variable interest entities and there were no effects
to its results of operations or financial condition. Although consolidation was
not required, disclosures about the Company’s involvement with variable interest
entities have been provided in Note 10.
Transfers of
financial assets. Effective January 1, 2010, the Company adopted
the FASB’s guidance for accounting for transfers of financial assets (ASC 860)
that changes the requirements for recognizing the transfer of financial assets
and requires additional disclosures about a transferor’s continuing involvement
in transferred financial assets. The guidance also eliminates the concept of a
“qualifying special purpose entity” when assessing transfers of financial
instruments. On adoption, there were no effects to the Company’s results of
operations or financial condition.
Fair value
measurements. The Company adopted the FASB’s updated guidance on fair
value measurements (ASU 2010-06) in the first quarter of 2010, which requires
separate disclosures of significant transfers between levels in the fair value
hierarchy. See Note 7 for additional information.
Other-than-temporary impairments. On April 1,
2009, the Company adopted the FASB’s updated guidance for evaluating whether an
impairment is other than temporary for fixed maturities with declines in fair
value below amortized cost (ASC 320). A reclassification adjustment from
retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income was required for
previously impaired fixed maturities that had a non-credit loss as of the date
of adoption, net of related tax effects.
The cumulative effect
of adoption increased the Company’s retained earnings in the second quarter of
2009 with an offsetting decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income of
$18 million, with no overall change to shareholders’ equity. See Note 8 for
information on the Company’s other-than-temporary impairments including
additional required disclosures.
6
Note 3 — Earnings
Per Share (“EPS”)
Basic and diluted
earnings per share were computed as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of |
|
|
|
|
| (Dollars
in millions, except per share amounts) |
|
Basic |
|
|
Dilution |
|
|
Diluted |
|
|
Three Months Ended
June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
$ |
294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares (in
thousands): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
average |
|
|
275,107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
275,107 |
|
|
Common stock
equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,429 |
|
|
|
2,429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares |
|
|
275,107 |
|
|
|
2,429 |
|
|
|
277,536 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EPS |
|
$ |
1.07 |
|
|
$ |
(0.01 |
) |
|
$ |
1.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
$ |
435 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
435 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares (in
thousands): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
average |
|
|
274,086 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
274,086 |
|
|
Common stock
equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares |
|
|
274,086 |
|
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
275,055 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EPS |
|
$ |
1.59 |
|
|
$ |
(0.01 |
) |
|
$ |
1.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Effect of |
|
|
|
|
| (Dollars
in millions, except per share amounts) |
|
Basic |
|
|
Dilution |
|
|
Diluted |
|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
$ |
577 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
577 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares (in
thousands): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
average |
|
|
275,398 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
275,398 |
|
|
Common stock
equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,421 |
|
|
|
2,421 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares |
|
|
275,398 |
|
|
|
2,421 |
|
|
|
277,819 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EPS |
|
$ |
2.10 |
|
|
$ |
(0.02 |
) |
|
$ |
2.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
$ |
642 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
642 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares (in
thousands): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted
average |
|
|
273,342 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
273,342 |
|
|
Common stock
equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
623 |
|
|
|
623 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total shares |
|
|
273,342 |
|
|
|
623 |
|
|
|
273,965 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EPS |
|
$ |
2.35 |
|
|
$ |
(0.01 |
) |
|
$ |
2.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following
outstanding employee stock options were not included in the computation of
diluted earnings per share because their effect would have increased diluted
earnings per share (antidilutive) as their exercise price was greater than
the average share price of the Company’s common stock for the period.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Antidilutive
options |
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
|
9.9 |
|
|
|
6.0 |
|
|
|
10.6 |
|
The Company held
77,905,033 shares of common stock in Treasury as of June 30, 2010, and
78,223,221 shares as of June 30, 2009.
7
Note 4 — Health
Care Medical Claims Payable
Medical claims payable
for the Health Care segment reflects estimates of the ultimate cost of claims
that have been incurred but not yet reported, those which have been reported but
not yet paid (reported claims in process) and other medical expense payable,
which primarily comprises accruals for provider incentives and other amounts
payable to providers. Incurred but not yet reported comprises the majority of
the reserve balance as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Incurred but not yet
reported |
|
$ |
1,133 |
|
|
$ |
790 |
|
|
Reported claims in
process |
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
Other medical expense
payable |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Medical claims
payable |
|
$ |
1,268 |
|
|
$ |
921 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Activity in medical
claims payable was as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
For the period ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Balance at
January 1, |
|
$ |
921 |
|
|
$ |
924 |
|
|
Less: Reinsurance and
other amounts recoverable |
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at
January 1, net |
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
713 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incurred claims related
to: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current year |
|
|
4,362 |
|
|
|
6,970 |
|
|
Prior years |
|
|
(75 |
) |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total incurred |
|
|
4,287 |
|
|
|
6,927 |
|
|
Paid claims related
to: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current year |
|
|
3,397 |
|
|
|
6,278 |
|
|
Prior years |
|
|
567 |
|
|
|
647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total paid |
|
|
3,964 |
|
|
|
6,925 |
|
|
Ending Balance,
net |
|
|
1,038 |
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
Add: Reinsurance and
other amounts recoverable |
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending Balance |
|
$ |
1,268 |
|
|
$ |
921 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
Reinsurance and other
amounts recoverable reflect amounts due from reinsurers and policyholders to
cover incurred but not reported and pending claims for minimum premium products
and certain administrative services only business where the right of offset does
not exist. See Note 11 for additional information on reinsurance. For the six
months ended June 30, 2010, actual experience differed from the Company’s
key assumptions resulting in favorable incurred claims related to prior years’
medical claims payable of $75 million, or 1.1% of the current year incurred
claims as reported for the year ended December 31, 2009. Actual completion
factors resulted in a reduction in medical claims payable of $39 million,
or 0.6% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended
December 31, 2009 for the insured book of business. Actual medical cost
trend resulted in a reduction in medical claims payable of $36 million, or
0.5% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended
December 31, 2009 for the insured book of business.
For the year ended
December 31, 2009, actual experience differed from the Company’s key
assumptions, resulting in favorable incurred claims related to prior years’
medical claims payable of $43 million, or 0.6% of the current year incurred
claims as reported for the year ended December 31, 2008. Actual completion
factors resulted in a reduction of the medical claims payable of $21 million, or
0.3% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended
December 31, 2008 for the insured book of business. Actual medical cost
trend resulted in a reduction of the medical claims payable of $22 million,
or 0.3% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended
December 31, 2008 for the insured book of business.
The favorable impacts
in 2010 and 2009 relating to completion factors and medical cost trend variances
are primarily due to the release of the provision for moderately adverse
conditions, which is a component of the assumptions for both completion factors
and medical cost trend, established for claims incurred related to prior years.
This release was substantially offset by the provision for moderately adverse
conditions established for claims incurred related to the current year.
The corresponding
impact of prior year development on shareholders’ net income was not material
for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009. The change in the amount
of the incurred claims related to prior years in the medical claims payable
liability does not directly correspond to an increase or decrease in the
Company’s shareholders’ net income recognized for the following reasons:
First, due to the
nature of the Company’s retrospectively experience-rated business, only
adjustments to medical claims payable on accounts in deficit affect
shareholders’ net income. An increase or decrease to medical claims payable on
accounts in deficit, in effect, accrues to the Company and directly impacts
shareholders’ net income. An account is in deficit when the accumulated medical
costs and administrative charges, including profit charges, exceed the
accumulated premium received. Adjustments to medical claims payable on accounts
in surplus accrue directly to the policyholder with no impact on the Company’s
shareholders’ net income. An account is in surplus when the accumulated premium
received exceeds the accumulated medical costs and administrative charges,
including profit charges.
Second, the Company
consistently recognizes the actuarial best estimate of the ultimate liability
within a level of confidence, as required by actuarial standards of practice,
which require that the liabilities be adequate under moderately adverse
conditions. As the Company establishes the liability for each incurral year, the
Company ensures that its assumptions appropriately consider moderately adverse
conditions. When a portion of the development related to the prior year incurred
claims is offset by an increase determined appropriate to address moderately
adverse conditions for the current year incurred claims, the Company does not
consider that offset amount as having any impact on shareholders’ net income.
The determination of
liabilities for Health Care medical claims payable required the Company to make
critical accounting estimates. See Note 2(N) to the Consolidated Financial
Statements in the Company’s 2009 Form 10-K.
9
Note 5 — Cost
Reduction
As part of its
strategy, the Company has undertaken several initiatives to realign its
organization and consolidate support functions in an effort to increase
efficiency and responsiveness to customers and to reduce costs.
During 2008 and 2009,
the Company conducted a comprehensive review to reduce the operating expenses of
its ongoing businesses (“cost reduction program”). As a result, the Company
recognized severance-related and real estate charges in other operating
expenses. As a result, in the second quarter of 2009 the Company recognized in
other operating expenses a total charge of $14 million pre-tax
($9 million after-tax), for severance resulting from reductions of 465
positions in its workforce. There have been no charges in 2010.
Substantially all of
these charges were recorded in the Health Care segment, and are expected to be
paid in cash by the end of 2010.
Cost reduction
activity for 2010 was as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Severance |
|
|
Real estate |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Balance,
January 1, 2010 |
|
$ |
33 |
|
|
$ |
8 |
|
|
$ |
41 |
|
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First quarter
payments |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
Second quarter
payments |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance, June 30,
2010 |
|
$ |
15 |
|
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 6 — Guaranteed
Minimum Death Benefit Contracts
The Company had future
policy benefit reserves for guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) contracts
of $1.3 billion as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009. The
determination of liabilities for GMDB requires the Company to make critical
accounting estimates. The Company estimates its liabilities for GMDB exposures
using a complex internal model run using many scenarios and based on assumptions
regarding lapse, future partial surrenders, claim mortality (deaths that result
in claims), interest rates (mean investment performance and discount rate) and
volatility. These assumptions are based on the Company’s experience and future
expectations over the long-term period, consistent with the long-term nature of
this product. The Company regularly evaluates these assumptions and changes its
estimates if actual experience or other evidence suggests that assumptions
should be revised. If actual experience differs from the assumptions (including
lapse, future partial surrenders, claim mortality, interest rates and
volatility) used in estimating these liabilities, the result could have a
material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and
in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s
financial condition.
In 2000, the Company
determined that the GMDB reinsurance business was premium deficient because the
recorded future policy benefit reserve was less than the expected present value
of future claims and expenses less the expected present value of future premiums
and investment income using revised assumptions based on actual and expected
experience. The Company tests for premium deficiency by reviewing its reserve
each quarter using current market conditions and its long-term assumptions.
Under premium deficiency accounting, if the recorded reserve is determined
insufficient, an increase to the reserve is reflected as a charge to current
period income. Consistent with GAAP, the Company does not recognize gains on
premium deficient long duration products.
The following provides
updates to the Company’s long-term assumptions for GMDB since December 31,
2009:
| • |
|
The annual election rates used to estimate the provision for partial
surrenders that essentially lock in the death benefit for a particular
policy were updated from 0%-22% at December 31, 2009 to 0%-21% at
June 30, 2010. The range of rates reflects the variation in the net
amount at risk for each policy and whether surrender charges
apply. |
| • |
|
The volatility assumption is based on a review of historical monthly
returns for each key index (e.g. S&P 500) over a period of at least
ten years. Volatility represents the dispersion of historical returns
compared to the average historical return (standard deviation) for each
index. The volatility assumption for equity fund types has been updated
from 16%-30% at December 31, 2009 to 16%-27% at June 30,
2010. |
10
| • |
|
The claim mortality assumption has been updated from 70%-75% of the
1994 Group Annuity Mortality table at December 31, 2009 to 65%-89% at
June 30, 2010, with 1% annual improvement beginning January 1,
2000 applying to both periods. The update reflects that for certain
contracts, a spousal beneficiary is allowed to elect to continue a
contract by becoming its new owner, thereby postponing the death claim
rather than receiving the death benefit currently. For certain issuers of
these contracts, the claim mortality assumption depends on age, gender,
and net amount at risk for the policy. Overall assumed claim mortality
rates have increased since December 31,
2009. |
| • |
|
The lapse rate assumption has been updated from 0%-21% at
December 31, 2009 to 0%-24% at June 30, 2010, depending on
contract type, policy duration and the ratio of the net amount at risk to
account value. Although the upper end of the range has increased, there is
also a higher proportion of policies experiencing lower lapse rates, so
overall, assumed lapse rates have declined since December 31,
2009. |
In the first quarter
of 2009, the Company reported a charge of $73 million pre-tax
($47 million after-tax) to strengthen GMDB reserves. The reserve
strengthening primarily reflected an increase in the provision for future
partial surrenders due to market declines, adverse volatility-related impacts
due to turbulent equity market conditions, and interest rate impacts.
Activity in future
policy benefit reserves for the GMDB business was as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
For the period ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Balance at January
1 |
|
$ |
1,285 |
|
|
$ |
1,609 |
|
|
Add: Unpaid
Claims |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
Less: Reinsurance and
other amounts recoverable |
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at
January 1, net |
|
|
1,268 |
|
|
|
1,560 |
|
|
Add: Incurred
benefits |
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
(122 |
) |
|
Less: Paid
benefits |
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
170 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending balance,
net |
|
|
1,297 |
|
|
|
1,268 |
|
|
Less: Unpaid
Claims |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
Add: Reinsurance and
other amounts recoverable |
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ending balance |
|
$ |
1,322 |
|
|
$ |
1,285 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits paid and
incurred are net of ceded amounts. Incurred benefits reflect the favorable or
unfavorable impact of a rising or falling equity market on the liability, and
include the charge discussed above. As discussed below, losses or gains have
been recorded in other revenues as a result of the GMDB equity hedge program to
reduce equity market exposures.
The aggregate value of
the underlying mutual fund investments was $15.3 billion as of
June 30, 2010 and $17.2 billion as of December 31, 2009. The
death benefit coverage in force was $7.4 billion as of June 30, 2010
and $7.0 billion as of December 31, 2009. The death benefit coverage
in force represents the excess of the guaranteed benefit amount over the value
of the underlying mutual fund investments for all contractholders (approximately
560,000 as of June 30, 2010 and 590,000 as of December 31, 2009).
The Company operates a
GMDB equity hedge program to substantially reduce the equity market exposures of
this business by selling exchange-traded futures contracts, which are expected
to rise in value as the equity market declines, and decline in value as the
equity market rises. In addition, the Company uses foreign currency futures
contracts to reduce the international equity market and foreign currency risks
associated with this business. The notional amount of futures contract positions
held by the Company at June 30, 2010 was $1.2 billion. The Company
recorded in other revenues pre-tax gains of $92 million for the three
months and $47 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, and
pre-tax losses of $188 million for the three months and $71 million
for the six months ended June 30, 2009.
The Company has also
written reinsurance contracts with issuers of variable annuity contracts that
provide annuitants with certain guarantees related to minimum income benefits
(“GMIB”). All reinsured GMIB policies also have a GMDB benefit reinsured by the
Company. See Note 7 for further information.
11
Note 7 — Fair Value
Measurements
The Company carries
certain financial instruments at fair value in the financial statements
including fixed maturities, equity securities, short-term investments and
derivatives. Other financial instruments are measured at fair value under
certain conditions, such as when impaired.
Fair value is defined
as the price at which an asset could be exchanged in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the balance sheet date. A liability’s fair value
is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a
market participant, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability
with the creditor.
Fair values are based
on quoted market prices when available. When market prices are not available,
fair value is generally estimated using discounted cash flow analyses,
incorporating current market inputs for similar financial instruments with
comparable terms and credit quality. In instances where there is little or no
market activity for the same or similar instruments, the Company estimates fair
value using methods, models and assumptions that the Company believes a
hypothetical market participant would use to determine a current transaction
price. These valuation techniques involve some level of estimation and judgment
by the Company which becomes significant with increasingly complex instruments
or pricing models.
The Company’s
financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value have been classified
based upon a hierarchy defined by GAAP. The hierarchy gives the highest ranking
to fair values determined using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for
identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to fair values
determined using methodologies and models with unobservable inputs (Level 3). An
asset’s or a liability’s classification is based on the lowest level of input
that is significant to its measurement. For example, a financial asset or
liability carried at fair value would be classified in Level 3 if unobservable
inputs were significant to the instrument’s fair value, even though the
measurement may be derived using inputs that are both observable (Levels 1 and
2) and unobservable (Level 3).
The Company performs
ongoing analyses of prices used to value the Company’s invested assets to
determine that they represent appropriate estimates of fair value. This process
involves quantitative and qualitative analysis including reviews of pricing
methodologies, judgments of valuation inputs, the significance of any
unobservable inputs, pricing statistics and trends. The Company also performs
sample testing of sales values to confirm the accuracy of prior fair value
estimates. These procedures are overseen by the Company’s investment
professionals.
12
Financial Assets
and Financial Liabilities Carried at Fair Value
The following tables
provide information as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 about
the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value. Similar
disclosures for separate account assets, which are also recorded at fair value
on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, are provided separately as gains
and losses related to these assets generally accrue directly to policyholders.
June 30, 2010
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Quoted Prices in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Significant |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Active Markets for |
|
|
Significant Other |
|
|
Unobservable |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Identical Assets |
|
|
Observable Inputs |
|
|
Inputs |
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
|
(Level 3) |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Financial assets at
fair value: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed
maturities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal government and
agency |
|
$ |
139 |
|
|
$ |
614 |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
758 |
|
|
State and local
government |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,545 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,545 |
|
|
Foreign
government |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,079 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
1,096 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
9,190 |
|
|
|
361 |
|
|
|
9,551 |
|
|
Federal agency
mortgage-backed |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
Other
mortgage-backed |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
Other
asset-backed |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed
maturities
(1) |
|
|
139 |
|
|
|
13,694 |
|
|
|
911 |
|
|
|
14,744 |
|
|
Equity
securities |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal |
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
13,775 |
|
|
|
945 |
|
|
|
14,861 |
|
|
Short-term
investments |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
GMIB assets (2) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
658 |
|
|
|
658 |
|
|
Other derivative
assets
(3) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total financial assets
at fair value, excluding separate accounts |
|
$ |
141 |
|
|
$ |
13,958 |
|
|
$ |
1,603 |
|
|
$ |
15,702 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities
at fair value: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMIB
liabilities |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,221 |
|
|
$ |
1,221 |
|
|
Other derivative
liabilities (3) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total financial
liabilities at fair value |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
15 |
|
|
$ |
1,221 |
|
|
$ |
1,236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Fixed maturities includes $544 million of net appreciation
required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement
annuity business including $99 million of appreciation for securities
classified in Level 3. |
| |
| (2) |
|
The GMIB assets represent retrocessional contracts in place from
two external reinsurers which cover 55% of the exposures on these
contracts. |
| |
| (3) |
|
Other derivative assets includes $26 million of interest rate
and foreign currency swaps qualifying as cash flow hedges and
$4 million of interest rate swaps not designated as accounting
hedges. Other derivative liabilities reflect foreign currency and interest
rate swaps qualifying as cash flow hedges. See Note 9 for additional
information. |
13
December 31, 2009
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Quoted Prices in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Significant |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Active Markets for |
|
|
Significant Other |
|
|
Unobservable |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Identical Assets |
|
|
Observable Inputs |
|
|
Inputs |
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
|
(Level 3) |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Financial assets at
fair value: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed
maturities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal government and
agency |
|
$ |
43 |
|
|
$ |
527 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
571 |
|
|
State and local
government |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,521 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2,521 |
|
|
Foreign
government |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
1,070 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
8,241 |
|
|
|
344 |
|
|
|
8,585 |
|
|
Federal agency
mortgage-backed |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
Other
mortgage-backed |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
Other
asset-backed |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fixed
maturities
(1) |
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
12,585 |
|
|
|
815 |
|
|
|
13,443 |
|
|
Equity
securities |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal |
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
12,666 |
|
|
|
845 |
|
|
|
13,556 |
|
|
Short-term
investments |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
GMIB assets (2) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
Other derivative
assets
(3) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total financial assets
at fair value, excluding separate accounts |
|
$ |
45 |
|
|
$ |
13,175 |
|
|
$ |
1,327 |
|
|
$ |
14,547 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities
at fair value: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMIB
liabilities |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
903 |
|
|
$ |
903 |
|
|
Other derivative
liabilities
(3) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total financial
liabilities at fair value |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
30 |
|
|
$ |
903 |
|
|
$ |
933 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Fixed maturities includes $274 million of net appreciation
required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement
annuity business including $38 million of appreciation for securities
classified in Level 3. |
| |
| (2) |
|
The GMIB assets represent retrocessional contracts in place from
two external reinsurers which cover 55% of the exposures on these
contracts. |
| |
| (3) |
|
Other derivative assets include $12 million of interest rate
and foreign currency swaps qualifying as cash flow hedges and
$4 million of interest rate swaps not designated as accounting
hedges. Other derivative liabilities reflect foreign currency and interest
rate swaps qualifying as cash flow hedges. See Note 9 for additional
information. |
Level 1
Financial Assets
Inputs for instruments
classified in Level 1 include unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in
active markets accessible at the measurement date. Active markets provide
pricing data for trades occurring at least weekly and include exchanges and
dealer markets.
Assets in Level 1
include actively-traded U.S. government bonds and exchange-listed equity
securities. Given the narrow definition of Level 1 and the Company’s investment
asset strategy to maximize investment returns, a relatively small portion of the
Company’s investment assets are classified in this category.
Level 2
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
Inputs for instruments
classified in Level 2 include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in
active markets, quoted prices from those willing to trade in markets that are
not active, or other inputs that are market observable or can be corroborated by
market data for the term of the instrument. Such other inputs include market
interest rates and volatilities, spreads and yield curves. An instrument is
classified in Level 2 if the Company determines that unobservable inputs are
insignificant.
14
Fixed maturities
and equity securities. Approximately 93% of the Company’s investments in
fixed maturities and equity securities are classified in Level 2 including most
public and private corporate debt and equity securities, federal agency and
municipal bonds, non-government mortgage-backed securities and preferred stocks.
Because many fixed maturities and preferred stocks do not trade daily, fair
values are often derived using recent trades of securities with similar features
and characteristics. When recent trades are not available, pricing models are
used to determine these prices. These models calculate fair values by
discounting future cash flows at estimated market interest rates. Such market
rates are derived by calculating the appropriate spreads over comparable U.S.
Treasury securities, based on the credit quality, industry and structure of the
asset. Typical inputs and assumptions to pricing models include, but are not
limited to, a combination of benchmark yields, reported trades, issuer spreads,
liquidity, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, and industry and
economic events. For mortgage-backed securities, inputs and assumptions may also
include characteristics of the issuer, collateral attributes, prepayment speeds
and credit rating.
Nearly all of these
instruments are valued using recent trades or pricing models. Less than 1% of
the fair value of investments classified in Level 2 represents foreign bonds
that are valued, consistent with local market practice, using a single
unadjusted market-observable input derived by averaging multiple broker-dealer
quotes.
Short-term
investments are carried at fair value, which approximates cost. On a
regular basis the Company compares market prices for these securities to
recorded amounts to validate that current carrying amounts approximate exit
prices. The short-term nature of the investments and corroboration of the
reported amounts over the holding period support their classification in Level
2.
Other
derivatives classified in Level 2 represent over-the-counter instruments
such as interest rate and foreign currency swap contracts. Fair values for these
instruments are determined using market observable inputs including forward
currency and interest rate curves and widely published market observable
indices. Credit risk related to the counterparty and the Company is considered
when estimating the fair values of these derivatives. However, the Company is
largely protected by collateral arrangements with counterparties, and determined
that no adjustment for credit risk was required as of June 30, 2010 or
December 31, 2009. The nature and use of these other derivatives are
described in Note 9.
Level 3
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
Certain inputs for
instruments classified in Level 3 are unobservable (supported by little or no
market activity) and significant to their resulting fair value measurement.
Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s best estimate of what hypothetical
market participants would use to determine a transaction price for the asset or
liability at the reporting date.
The Company classifies
certain newly issued, privately placed, complex or illiquid securities, as well
as assets and liabilities relating to GMIB in Level 3.
Fixed maturities
and equity securities. Approximately 6% of fixed maturities and equity
securities are priced using significant unobservable inputs and classified in
this category, including:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Other asset and
mortgage-backed securities |
|
$ |
528 |
|
|
$ |
456 |
|
|
Corporate
bonds |
|
|
310 |
|
|
|
288 |
|
|
Subordinated loans and
private equity investments |
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
945 |
|
|
$ |
845 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair values of
mortgage and asset-backed securities and corporate bonds are determined using
pricing models that incorporate the specific characteristics of each asset and
related assumptions including the investment type and structure, credit quality,
industry and maturity date in comparison to current market indices, spreads and
liquidity of assets with similar characteristics. For mortgage and asset-backed
securities, inputs and assumptions to pricing may also include collateral
attributes and prepayment speeds. Recent trades in the subject security or
similar securities are assessed when available, and the Company may also review
published research as well as the issuer’s financial statements in its
evaluation. Subordinated loans and private equity investments are valued at
transaction price in the absence of market data indicating a change in the
estimated fair values.
15
Guaranteed
minimum income benefit contracts. Because cash flows of the GMIB
liabilities and assets are affected by equity markets and interest rates but are
without significant life insurance risk and are settled in lump sum payments,
the Company reports these liabilities and assets as derivatives at fair value.
The Company estimates the fair value of the assets and liabilities for GMIB
contracts using assumptions regarding capital markets (including market returns,
interest rates and market volatilities of the underlying equity and bond mutual
fund investments), future annuitant behavior (including mortality, lapse, and
annuity election rates), and non-performance risk, as well as risk and profit
charges. As certain assumptions (primarily related to future annuitant behavior)
used to estimate fair values for these contracts are largely unobservable, the
Company classifies GMIB assets and liabilities in Level 3. The Company
considered the following in determining the view of a hypothetical market
participant:
| • |
|
that the most likely transfer of these assets and liabilities would be
through a reinsurance transaction with an independent insurer having a
market capitalization and credit rating similar to that of the Company;
and |
| • |
|
that because this block of contracts is in run-off mode, an insurer
looking to acquire these contracts would have similar existing contracts
with related administrative and risk management
capabilities. |
These GMIB assets and
liabilities are estimated with a complex internal model using many scenarios to
determine the present value of net amounts expected to be paid, less the present
value of net future premiums expected to be received adjusted for risk and
profit charges that the Company estimates a hypothetical market participant
would require to assume this business. Net amounts expected to be paid include
the excess of the expected value of the income benefits over the values of the
annuitants’ accounts at the time of annuitization. Generally, market return,
interest rate and volatility assumptions are based on market observable
information. Assumptions related to annuitant behavior reflect the Company’s
belief that a hypothetical market participant would consider the actual and
expected experience of the Company as well as other relevant and available
industry resources in setting policyholder behavior assumptions. The significant
assumptions used to value the GMIB assets and liabilities as of June 30,
2010 were as follows:
| • |
|
The market return and discount rate assumptions are based on the
market-observable LIBOR swap curve. |
| |
| • |
|
The projected interest rate used to calculate the reinsured income
benefits is indexed to the 7-year Treasury Rate at the time of
annuitization (claim interest rate) based on contractual terms. That rate
was 2.42% at June 30, 2010 and must be projected for future time
periods. These projected rates vary by economic scenario and are
determined by an interest rate model using current interest rate curves
and the prices of instruments available in the market including various
interest rate caps and zero-coupon bonds. For a subset of the business,
there is a contractually guaranteed floor of 3% for the claim interest
rate. |
| |
| • |
|
The market volatility assumptions for annuitants’ underlying mutual
fund investments that are modeled based on the S&P 500, Russell 2000
and NASDAQ Composite are based on the market-implied volatility for these
indices for three to seven years grading to historical volatility levels
thereafter. For the remaining 56% of underlying mutual fund investments
modeled based on other indices (with insufficient market-observable data),
volatility is based on the average historical level for each index over
the past 10 years. Using this approach, volatility ranges from 17% to
37% for equity funds, 4% to 12% for bond funds and 1% to 2% for money
market funds. |
| |
| • |
|
The mortality assumption is 70% of the 1994 Group Annuity Mortality
table, with 1% annual improvement beginning January 1, 2000. |
| |
| • |
|
The annual lapse rate assumption reflects experience that differs by
the company issuing the underlying variable annuity contracts. This range
has been updated from 2% to 17% at December 31, 2009 to 1% to 19% as
of June 30, 2010, and depends on the time since contract issue and
the relative value of the guarantee. Although the upper end of the range
has increased, there is also a higher proportion of policies experiencing
lower lapse rates, so overall, assumed lapse rates have declined since
December 31, 2009. |
| |
| • |
|
The annual annuity election rate assumption reflects experience that
differs by the company issuing the underlying variable annuity contracts
and depends on the annuitant’s age, the relative value of the guarantee
and whether a contractholder has had a previous opportunity to elect the
benefit. Immediately after the expiration of the waiting period, the
assumed probability that an individual will annuitize their variable
annuity contract is up to 80%. For the second and subsequent annual
opportunities to elect the benefit, the assumed probability of election is
up to 30%. Actual data is still emerging for the Company as well as the
industry and the estimates are based on this limited
data. |
16
| • |
|
The nonperformance risk adjustment is incorporated by adding an
additional spread to the discount rate in the calculation of both
(1) the GMIB liability to reflect a hypothetical market participant’s
view of the risk of the Company not fulfilling its GMIB obligations, and
(2) the GMIB asset to reflect a hypothetical market participant’s
view of the reinsurers’ credit risk, after considering collateral. The
estimated market-implied spread is company-specific for each party
involved to the extent that company-specific market data is available and
is based on industry averages for similarly rated companies when
company-specific data is not available. The spread is impacted by the
credit default swap spreads of the specific parent companies, adjusted to
reflect subsidiaries’ credit ratings relative to their parent company and
any available collateral. The additional spread over LIBOR incorporated
into the discount rate ranged from 20 to 110 basis points for the GMIB
liability and from 15 to 95 basis points for the GMIB reinsurance asset
for that portion of the interest rate curve most relevant to these
policies. |
| • |
|
The risk and profit charge assumption is based on the Company’s
estimate of the capital and return on capital that would be required by a
hypothetical market participant. |
The Company regularly
evaluates each of the assumptions used in establishing these assets and
liabilities by considering how a hypothetical market participant would set
assumptions at each valuation date. Capital markets assumptions are expected to
change at each valuation date reflecting currently observable market conditions.
Other assumptions may also change based on a hypothetical market participant’s
view of actual experience as it emerges over time or other factors that impact
the net liability. If the emergence of future experience or future assumptions
differs from the assumptions used in estimating these assets and liabilities,
the resulting impact could be material to the Company’s consolidated results of
operations, and in certain situations, could be material to the Company’s
financial condition.
GMIB liabilities are
reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in Accounts payable,
accrued expenses and other liabilities. GMIB assets associated with these
contracts represent net receivables in connection with reinsurance that the
Company has purchased from two external reinsurers and are reported in the
Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other assets, including other
intangibles.
17
Changes in Level
3 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Carried at Fair Value
The following tables
summarize the changes in financial assets and financial liabilities classified
in Level 3 for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009. These
tables exclude separate account assets as changes in fair values of these assets
accrue directly to policyholders. Gains and losses reported in these tables may
include net changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable and
unobservable inputs.
For the Three
Months Ended June 30, 2010
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Fixed Maturities & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Equity Securities |
|
|
GMIB Assets |
|
|
GMIB Liabilities |
|
|
GMIB Net |
|
|
Balance at
April 1, 2010 |
|
$ |
884 |
|
|
$ |
479 |
|
|
$ |
(886 |
) |
|
$ |
(407 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains
(losses) included in shareholders’ net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMIB fair value
gain/(loss) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
(351 |
) |
|
|
(164 |
) |
|
Other |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gains
(losses) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
(351 |
) |
|
|
(164 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains included in other
comprehensive income |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Gains required to
adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1) |
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Purchases, issuances,
settlements |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
Transfers into/(out
of) Level 3: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers into Level
3 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Transfers out of Level
3 |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total transfers
into/(out of) Level 3 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at
June 30, 2010 |
|
$ |
945 |
|
|
$ |
658 |
|
|
$ |
(1,221 |
) |
|
$ |
(563 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gains
(losses) included in income attributable to instruments held at the
reporting date |
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
187 |
|
|
$ |
(351 |
) |
|
$ |
(164 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Amounts do not accrue to shareholders. |
For the Three Months
Ended June 30, 2009
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Fixed Maturities & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Equity Securities |
|
|
GMIB Assets |
|
|
GMIB Liabilities |
|
|
GMIB Net |
|
|
Balance at
April 1, 2009 |
|
$ |
910 |
|
|
$ |
908 |
|
|
$ |
(1,641 |
) |
|
$ |
(733 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains
(losses) included in shareholders’ net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMIB fair value
gain/(loss) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(198 |
) |
|
|
362 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
Other |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gains
(losses) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(198 |
) |
|
|
362 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains included in other
comprehensive income |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Losses required to
adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Purchases, sales,
settlements |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
Transfers into/(out
of) Level 3: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers into Level
3 |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Transfers out of Level
3 |
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total transfers
into/(out of) Level 3 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at
June 30, 2009 |
|
$ |
923 |
|
|
$ |
685 |
|
|
$ |
(1,224 |
) |
|
$ |
(539 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gains
(losses) included in income attributable to instruments held at the
reporting date |
|
$ |
(6 |
) |
|
$ |
(198 |
) |
|
$ |
362 |
|
|
$ |
164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Amounts do not accrue to shareholders. |
18
For the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2010
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Fixed Maturities & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Equity Securities |
|
|
GMIB Assets |
|
|
GMIB Liabilities |
|
|
GMIB Net |
|
|
Balance at
January 1, 2010 |
|
$ |
845 |
|
|
$ |
482 |
|
|
$ |
(903 |
) |
|
$ |
(421 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains
(losses) included in shareholders’ net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMIB fair value
gain/(loss) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
(347 |
) |
|
|
(160 |
) |
|
Other |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gains
(losses) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
(347 |
) |
|
|
(160 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains included in other
comprehensive income |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Gains required to
adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1) |
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Purchases, issuances,
settlements |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
Transfers into/(out
of) Level 3: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers into Level
3 |
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Transfers out of Level
3 |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total transfers
into/(out of) Level 3 |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at
June 30, 2010 |
|
$ |
945 |
|
|
$ |
658 |
|
|
$ |
(1,221 |
) |
|
$ |
(563 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gains
(losses) included in income attributable to instruments held at the
reporting date |
|
$ |
9 |
|
|
$ |
187 |
|
|
$ |
(347 |
) |
|
$ |
(160 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Amounts do not accrue to shareholders. |
For the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2009
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Fixed Maturities & |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Equity Securities |
|
|
GMIB Assets |
|
|
GMIB Liabilities |
|
|
GMIB Net |
|
|
Balance at
January 1, 2009 |
|
$ |
889 |
|
|
$ |
953 |
|
|
$ |
(1,757 |
) |
|
$ |
(804 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains
(losses) included in shareholders’ net income: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMIB fair value
gain/(loss) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(236 |
) |
|
|
432 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
Other |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gains
(losses) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(236 |
) |
|
|
432 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains included in other
comprehensive income |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Losses required to
adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1) |
|
|
(107 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Purchases, issuances,
settlements |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
Transfers into/(out
of) Level 3: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers into Level
3 |
|
|
235 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Transfers out of Level
3 |
|
|
(84 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total transfers
into/(out of) Level 3 |
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at
June 30, 2009 |
|
$ |
923 |
|
|
$ |
685 |
|
|
$ |
(1,224 |
) |
|
$ |
(539 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gains
(losses) included in income attributable to instruments held at the
reporting date |
|
$ |
(10 |
) |
|
$ |
(236 |
) |
|
$ |
432 |
|
|
$ |
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Amounts do not accrue to shareholders. |
As noted in the tables
above, total gains and losses included in net income are reflected in the
following captions in the Consolidated Statements of Income:
| • |
|
Realized investment gains (losses) and net investment income for
amounts related to fixed maturities and equity securities;
and |
| • |
|
GMIB fair value (gain) loss for amounts related to GMIB assets
and liabilities. |
Reclassifications
impacting Level 3 financial instruments are reported as transfers into or out of
the Level 3 category as of the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer
occurs. Therefore gains and losses in income only reflect activity for the
period the instrument was classified in Level 3.
19
Transfers into or out
of the Level 3 category occur when unobservable inputs, such as the Company’s
best estimate of what a market participant would use to determine a current
transaction price, become more or less significant to the fair value
measurement. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, transfers into Level 3
from Level 2 primarily reflect an increase in the unobservable inputs used to
value certain private corporate bonds, principally related to credit risk of the
issuers.
The Company provided
reinsurance for other insurance companies that offer a guaranteed minimum income
benefit, and then retroceded a portion of the risk to other insurance companies.
These arrangements with third-party insurers are the instruments still held at
the reporting date for GMIB assets and liabilities in the table above. Because
these reinsurance arrangements remain in effect at the reporting date, the
Company has reflected the total gain or loss for the period as the total gain or
loss included in income attributable to instruments still held at the reporting
date. However, the Company reduces the GMIB assets and liabilities resulting
from these reinsurance arrangements when annuitants lapse, die, elect their
benefit, or reach the age after which the right to elect their benefit expires.
Under FASB’s guidance
for fair value measurements, the Company’s GMIB assets and liabilities are
expected to be volatile in future periods because the underlying capital markets
assumptions will be based largely on market-observable inputs at the close of
each reporting period including interest rates and market-implied volatilities.
GMIB fair value losses
of $164 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, and $160
million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, were primarily due to
declining interest rates and decreases in underlying account values that
occurred during the second quarter of 2010.
GMIB fair value gains
of $164 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009 and
$196 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009, were primarily a
result of increases in interest rates and underlying account values during the
second quarter of 2009, partially offset by increases to the annuitization
assumption, and in the six months ended June 30, 2009, updates to the lapse
assumption.
20
Separate account
assets
Fair values and
changes in the fair values of separate account assets generally accrue directly
to the policyholders and are excluded from the Company’s revenues and expenses.
As of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 separate account assets were
as follows:
June 30,
2010
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Quoted Prices in Active |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Markets for Identical |
|
|
Significant Other |
|
|
Significant |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Assets |
|
|
Observable Inputs |
|
|
Unobservable Inputs |
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
|
(Level 3) |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Guaranteed separate
accounts (See Note 17) |
|
$ |
241 |
|
|
$ |
1,489 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,730 |
|
|
Non-guaranteed separate
accounts (1) |
|
|
1,680 |
|
|
|
3,270 |
|
|
|
534 |
|
|
|
5,484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total separate
account assets |
|
$ |
1,921 |
|
|
$ |
4,759 |
|
|
$ |
534 |
|
|
$ |
7,214 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
As of June 30, 2010, non-guaranteed separate accounts include
$2.5 billion in assets supporting the Company’s pension plans,
including $515 million classified in Level 3. |
December 31,
2009
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Quoted Prices in Active |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Markets for Identical |
|
|
Significant Other |
|
|
Significant |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Assets |
|
|
Observable Inputs |
|
|
Unobservable Inputs |
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
(Level 1) |
|
|
(Level 2) |
|
|
(Level 3) |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Guaranteed separate
accounts (See Note 17) |
|
$ |
275 |
|
|
$ |
1,480 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,755 |
|
|
Non-guaranteed separate
accounts
(1) |
|
|
1,883 |
|
|
|
3,100 |
|
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
5,533 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total separate
account assets |
|
$ |
2,158 |
|
|
$ |
4,580 |
|
|
$ |
550 |
|
|
$ |
7,288 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
As of December 31, 2009, non-guaranteed separate accounts
include $2.6 billion in assets supporting the Company’s pension
plans, including $517 million classified in Level
3. |
Separate account
assets in Level 1 include exchange-listed equity securities. Level 2 assets
primarily include:
| • |
|
equity securities and corporate and structured bonds valued using
recent trades of similar securities or pricing models that discount future
cash flows at estimated market interest rates as described above;
and |
| • |
|
actively-traded institutional and retail mutual fund investments and
separate accounts priced using the daily net asset value which is their
exit price. |
Separate account
assets classified in Level 3 include investments primarily in securities
partnerships and real estate generally valued based on the separate account’s
ownership share of the equity of the investee including changes in the fair
values of its underlying investments. In addition, certain fixed income funds
priced using the net asset values are classified in Level 3 due to restrictions
on their withdrawal.
The following tables
summarize the changes in separate account assets reported in Level 3 for the
three months and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Balance at April
1 |
|
$ |
544 |
|
|
$ |
597 |
|
|
Policyholder losses (1) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
Purchases, issuances,
settlements |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
49 |
|
|
Transfers into/(out
of) Level 3: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers into Level
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
Transfers out of Level
3 |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net transfers
into/(out of) Level 3 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June
30 |
|
$ |
534 |
|
|
$ |
625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Includes losses of $3 million attributable to instruments
still held at June 30, 2010 and losses of $21 million
attributable to instruments still held at June 30,
2009. |
21
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Balance at January
1 |
|
$ |
550 |
|
|
$ |
475 |
|
|
Policyholder gains
(losses) (1) |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
(67 |
) |
|
Purchases, issuances,
settlements |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
57 |
|
|
Transfers into/(out
of) Level 3: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers into Level
3 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
Transfers out of Level
3 |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net transfers
into/(out of) Level 3 |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at June
30 |
|
$ |
534 |
|
|
$ |
625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Includes gains of $12 million attributable to instruments
still held at June 30, 2010 and losses of $67 million
attributable to instruments still held at June 30,
2009. |
For the six months
ended June 30, 2009, transfers into Level 3 primarily represented fixed
income funds that are priced using the net asset value where restrictions were
placed on withdrawal.
Assets and
Liabilities Measured at Fair Value under Certain Conditions
Some financial assets
and liabilities are not carried at fair value each reporting period, but may be
measured using fair value only under certain conditions, such as investments in
real estate entities and commercial mortgage loans when they become impaired.
During the three months ended June 30, 2010, impaired commercial mortgage
loans with carrying values of $27 million were written down to their fair
values of $22 million, resulting in pre-tax realized investment losses of
$5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, impaired commercial
mortgage loans with carrying values of $91 million were written down to
their fair values of $75 million, resulting in pre-tax realized investment
losses of $16 million. Also during the six months ended June 30, 2010,
impaired real estate entities carried at cost of $35 million were written
down to their fair values of $21 million, resulting in pre-tax realized
investment losses of $14 million.
During 2009, impaired
commercial mortgage loans with carrying values of $143 million were written
down to their fair values of $126 million, resulting in pre-tax realized
investment losses of $17 million. Also during 2009, impaired real estate
entities with carrying values of $48 million were written down to their
fair values of $12 million, resulting in pre-tax realized investment losses
of $36 million.
These fair values were
calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows at estimated market
interest rates. Such market rates were derived by calculating the appropriate
spread over comparable U.S. Treasury rates, based on the characteristics of the
underlying collateral, including the type, quality and location of the assets.
The fair value measurements were classified in Level 3 because these cash flow
models incorporate significant unobservable inputs.
Fair Value
Disclosures for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
Most financial
instruments that are subject to fair value disclosure requirements are carried
in the Company’s consolidated financial statements at amounts that approximate
fair value. The following table provides the fair values and carrying values of
the Company’s financial instruments not recorded at fair value that are subject
to fair value disclosure requirements at June 30, 2010 and
December 31, 2009:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Carrying |
|
|
|
|
|
Carrying |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Commercial mortgage
loans |
|
$ |
3,370 |
|
|
$ |
3,409 |
|
|
$ |
3,323 |
|
|
$ |
3,522 |
|
|
Contractholder deposit
funds, excluding universal life products |
|
$ |
1,001 |
|
|
$ |
988 |
|
|
$ |
940 |
|
|
$ |
941 |
|
|
Long-term debt,
including current maturities, excluding capital leases |
|
$ |
3,004 |
|
|
$ |
2,727 |
|
|
$ |
2,418 |
|
|
$ |
2,427 |
|
The fair values
presented in the table above have been estimated using market information when
available. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies and
inputs used by the Company to determine fair value.
22
Commercial
mortgage loans. The Company estimates the fair value of
commercial mortgage loans generally by discounting the contractual cash flows at
estimated market interest rates that reflect the Company’s assessment of the
credit quality of the loans. Market interest rates are derived by calculating
the appropriate spread over comparable U.S. Treasury rates, based on the
property type, quality rating and average life of the loan. The quality ratings
reflect the relative risk of the loan, considering debt service coverage, the
loan-to-value ratio and other factors. Fair values of impaired mortgage loans
are based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral generally
determined using an internal discounted cash flow model.
Contractholder
deposit funds, excluding universal life products. Generally,
these funds do not have stated maturities. Approximately 45% of these balances
can be withdrawn by the customer at any time without prior notice or penalty.
The fair value for these contracts is the amount estimated to be payable to the
customer as of the reporting date, which is generally the carrying value. Most
of the remaining contractholder deposit funds are reinsured by the buyers of the
individual life and annuity and retirement benefits businesses. The fair value
for these contracts is determined using the fair value of these buyers’ assets
supporting these reinsured contracts. The Company had a reinsurance recoverable
equal to the carrying value of these reinsured contracts.
Long-term debt,
including current maturities, excluding capital leases. The fair
value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for recent trades. When
quoted market prices are not available, fair value is estimated using a
discounted cash flow analysis and the Company’s estimated current borrowing rate
for debt of similar terms and remaining maturities.
Fair values of
off-balance-sheet financial instruments were not material.
Note 8 —
Investments
Total Realized
Investment Gains and Losses
The following total
realized gains and losses on investments include other-than-temporary
impairments on debt securities but exclude amounts required to adjust future
policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Fixed
maturities |
|
$ |
19 |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
34 |
|
|
$ |
(11 |
) |
|
Equity
securities |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
Commercial mortgage
loans |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
Other investments,
including derivatives |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(37 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized investment
gains (losses), before income taxes |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
Less income taxes
(benefits) |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net realized investment
gains (losses) |
|
$ |
14 |
|
|
$ |
(9 |
) |
|
$ |
11 |
|
|
$ |
(33 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23
Included in pre-tax
realized investment gains (losses) above were other-than-temporary
impairments on debt securities, asset write-downs and changes in valuation
reserves as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Credit-related (1) |
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
43 |
|
|
$ |
30 |
|
|
$ |
54 |
|
|
Other (2) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total (3) |
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
42 |
|
|
$ |
31 |
|
|
$ |
63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Credit-related losses include other-than-temporary declines in
value of fixed maturities and equity securities, impairments of commercial
mortgage loans and real estate entities. The amount related to credit
losses on fixed maturities for which a portion of the impairment was
recognized in other comprehensive income was not significant. |
| |
| (2) |
|
Prior to adoption of GAAP guidance for other-than-temporary
impairments on April 1, 2009, other primarily represented the impact
of rising market yields on investments where the Company could not
demonstrate the intent and ability to hold until recovery. |
| |
| (3) |
|
Includes other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities of
$1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and
$9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009 and
$26 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009. These
impairments are included in the other category in 2010 and in both the
credit-related and other categories for 2009. |
Fixed Maturities
and Equity Securities
Securities in the
following table are included in fixed maturities and equity securities on the
Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. These securities are carried at fair
value with changes in fair value reported in other realized investment gains and
interest and dividends reported in net investment income. The Company’s hybrid
investments include preferred stock or debt securities with call or conversion
features.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
As of June 30, |
|
|
As of December 31, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Included in fixed
maturities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trading securities
(amortized cost: $7; $8) |
|
$ |
7 |
|
|
$ |
8 |
|
|
Hybrid securities
(amortized cost: $33; $37) |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
44 |
|
|
$ |
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Included in equity
securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hybrid securities
(amortized cost: $106; $109) |
|
$ |
81 |
|
|
$ |
81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturities
included $173 million at June 30, 2010, which were pledged as
collateral to brokers as required under certain futures contracts. These fixed
maturities were primarily corporate securities.
The following
information about fixed maturities excludes trading and hybrid securities. The
amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity periods for fixed
maturities were as follows at June 30, 2010:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Amortized |
|
|
Fair |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Cost |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Due in one year or
less |
|
$ |
797 |
|
|
$ |
814 |
|
|
Due after one year
through five years |
|
|
4,272 |
|
|
|
4,556 |
|
|
Due after five years
through ten years |
|
|
4,952 |
|
|
|
5,411 |
|
|
Due after ten
years |
|
|
2,589 |
|
|
|
3,126 |
|
|
Other asset and
mortgage-backed securities |
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
793 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
13,282 |
|
|
$ |
14,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actual maturities
could differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to
call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties. Also, in some cases the
Company may extend maturity dates.
24
Mortgage-backed
securities consist principally of commercial mortgage-backed securities and
collateralized mortgage obligations of which $29 million of fair value were
residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit, all of which were
originated using standard underwriting practices and are not sub-prime loans.
Gross unrealized
appreciation (depreciation) on fixed maturities (excluding trading
securities and hybrid securities with a fair value of $44 million at
June 30, 2010 and $51 million at December 31, 2009) by type of
issuer is shown below.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized |
|
|
Unrealized |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Amortized |
|
|
Appre- |
|
|
Depre- |
|
|
Fair |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Cost |
|
|
ciation |
|
|
ciation |
|
|
Value |
|
|
Federal government and
agency |
|
$ |
496 |
|
|
$ |
262 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
758 |
|
|
State and local
government |
|
|
2,336 |
|
|
|
213 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
2,545 |
|
|
Foreign
government |
|
|
1,036 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
1,096 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
8,742 |
|
|
|
809 |
|
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
9,508 |
|
|
Federal agency
mortgage-backed |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
Other
mortgage-backed |
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
95 |
|
|
Other
asset-backed |
|
|
555 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
13,282 |
|
|
$ |
1,479 |
|
|
$ |
(61 |
) |
|
$ |
14,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (In millions) |
|
December 31, 2009
|
| |
|
|
|
Federal government and
agency |
|
$ |
398 |
|
|
$ |
174 |
|
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
|
$ |
571 |
|
|
State and local
government |
|
|
2,341 |
|
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
2,521 |
|
|
Foreign
government |
|
|
1,040 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
1,070 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
8,104 |
|
|
|
529 |
|
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
8,535 |
|
|
Federal agency
mortgage-backed |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
Other
mortgage-backed |
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
120 |
|
|
Other
asset-backed |
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
12,535 |
|
|
$ |
990 |
|
|
$ |
(133 |
) |
|
$ |
13,392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The above table
includes investments with a fair value of $2.6 billion supporting the
Company’s run-off settlement annuity business, with gross unrealized
appreciation of $568 million and gross unrealized depreciation of
$24 million at June 30, 2010. Such unrealized amounts are required to
support future policy benefit liabilities of this business and, as such, are not
included in accumulated other comprehensive income. At December 31, 2009,
investments supporting this business had a fair value of $2.3 billion,
gross unrealized appreciation of $326 million and gross unrealized
depreciation of $52 million.
Sales information for
available-for-sale fixed maturities and equity securities were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Proceeds from
sales |
|
$ |
209 |
|
|
$ |
291 |
|
|
$ |
449 |
|
|
$ |
410 |
|
|
Gross gains on
sales |
|
$ |
12 |
|
|
$ |
12 |
|
|
$ |
27 |
|
|
$ |
15 |
|
|
Gross losses on
sales |
|
$ |
(2 |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(3 |
) |
|
$ |
(3 |
) |
25
Review of
declines in fair value. Management reviews fixed maturities with
a decline in fair value from cost for impairment based on criteria that include:
| • |
|
length of time and severity of decline; |
| • |
|
financial health and specific near term prospects of the
issuer; |
| • |
|
changes in the regulatory, economic or general market environment of
the issuer’s industry or geographic region; and |
| • |
|
the Company’s intent to sell or the likelihood of a required sale
prior to recovery. |
Excluding trading and
hybrid securities, as of June 30, 2010, fixed maturities with a decline in
fair value from amortized cost (which were primarily investment grade corporate
bonds) were as follows, including the length of time of such decline:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Fair |
|
|
Amortized |
|
|
Unrealized |
|
|
Number |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Value |
|
|
Cost |
|
|
Depreciation |
|
|
of Issues |
|
|
Fixed
maturities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One year or
less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
grade |
|
$ |
320 |
|
|
$ |
326 |
|
|
$ |
(6 |
) |
|
|
94 |
|
|
Below investment
grade |
|
$ |
170 |
|
|
$ |
177 |
|
|
$ |
(7 |
) |
|
|
105 |
|
|
More than one
year: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment
grade |
|
$ |
392 |
|
|
$ |
431 |
|
|
$ |
(39 |
) |
|
|
75 |
|
|
Below investment
grade |
|
$ |
62 |
|
|
$ |
71 |
|
|
$ |
(9 |
) |
|
|
30 |
|
The unrealized
depreciation of investment grade fixed maturities is primarily due to increases
in market yields since purchase. There were no equity securities with a fair
value significantly lower than cost as of June 30, 2010.
Short-term
investments and cash equivalents. Short-term investments and cash
equivalents includes corporate securities of $1.0 billion, federal
government securities of $116 million and money market funds of
$113 million at June 30, 2010. The Company’s short-term investments
and cash equivalents at December 31, 2009 included corporate securities of
$624 million, federal government securities of $402 million and money
market funds of $104 million.
26
Note 9 — Derivative
Financial Instruments
The Company’s
investment strategy is to manage the characteristics of investment assets (such
as duration, yield, currency and liquidity) to meet the varying demands of the
related insurance and contractholder liabilities (such as paying claims,
investment returns and withdrawals). As part of this investment strategy, the
Company typically uses derivatives to minimize interest rate, foreign currency
and equity price risks. The Company routinely monitors exposure to credit risk
associated with derivatives and diversifies the portfolio among approved dealers
of high credit quality to minimize credit risk. From time to time, the Company
has used derivatives to enhance investment returns. In addition, the Company has
written or sold contracts to guarantee minimum income benefits.
The Company uses hedge
accounting when derivatives are designated, qualified and highly effective as
hedges. Effectiveness is formally assessed and documented at inception and each
period throughout the life of a hedge using various quantitative methods
appropriate for each hedge, including regression analysis and dollar offset.
Under hedge accounting, the changes in fair value of the derivative and the
hedged risk are generally recognized together and offset each other when
reported in shareholders’ net income.
The Company accounts
for derivative instruments as follows:
| • |
|
Derivatives are reported on the balance sheet at fair value with
changes in fair values reported in net income or accumulated other
comprehensive income. |
| • |
|
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that hedge market risk
related to future cash flows — and that qualify for hedge accounting — are
reported in a separate caption in accumulated other comprehensive income.
These hedges are referred to as cash flow
hedges. |
| • |
|
A change in the fair value of a derivative instrument may not always
equal the change in the fair value of the hedged item; this difference is
referred to as hedge ineffectiveness. Where hedge accounting is used, the
Company reflects hedge ineffectiveness in net income (generally as part of
realized investment gains and losses). |
Certain subsidiaries
of the Company are parties to over-the-counter derivative instruments that
contain provisions requiring both parties to such instruments to post collateral
depending on net liability thresholds and the party’s financial strength or
credit rating. The collateral posting requirements vary by counterparty. The
aggregate fair value of derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related
contingent features where a subsidiary of the Company was in a net liability
position as of June 30, 2010 was $15 million for which the Company was
not required to post collateral with its counterparties. If the various
contingent features underlying the agreements were triggered as of June 30,
2010, the Company would be required to post collateral equal to the total net
liability. Such subsidiaries are parties to certain other derivative instruments
that contain termination provisions for which the counterparties could demand
immediate payment of the total net liability position if the financial strength
rating of the subsidiary were to decline below specified levels. As of
June 30, 2010, there was no net liability position under such derivative
instruments.
See Note 6 for a
discussion of derivatives associated with GMDB contracts and Note 7 for a
discussion of derivatives associated with GMIB contracts. The effects of other
derivatives were not material to the Company’s consolidated results of
operations, liquidity or financial condition for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 and 2009.
The tables below
present information about the nature and accounting treatment of the Company’s
primary derivative financial instruments including the Company’s purpose for
entering into specific derivative transactions, and their locations in and
effect on the financial statements as of June 30, 2010 and December 31,
2009 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 and 2009.
Derivatives in the Company’s separate accounts are excluded from the tables
because associated gains and losses generally accrue directly to policyholders.
27
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Instrument / Volume of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Activity |
|
Primary Risk |
|
Purpose |
|
Cash
Flows |
|
Accounting Policy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Derivatives Designated as Accounting
Hedges — Cash Flow Hedges |
|
Interest rate swaps —
$158 million of par value of related investments
Foreign
currency swaps — $179 million of U.S. dollar equivalent par value of
related investments |
|
Interest rate and foreign currency |
|
To hedge the interest and/or foreign currency
cash flows of fixed maturities and commercial mortgage loans to match
associated liabilities. Currency swaps are primarily euros, Australian
dollars, Canadian dollars and British pounds for periods of up to
11 years. |
|
The Company periodically exchanges cash flows
between variable and fixed interest rates and/or between two currencies
for both principal and interest. Net interest cash flows are reported in
net investment income and included in operating activities. |
|
Using cash flow hedge accounting, fair values
are reported in other long-term investments or other liabilities and
accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized into net investment
income or reported in other realized investment gains and losses as
interest or principal payments are received. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Combination swaps
(interest rate and foreign currency) — $54 million of U.S. dollar
equivalent par value of related investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
Value Effect on the Financial Statements (in millions) |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gain (Loss) Recognized in |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts Payable, Accrued Expenses
and |
|
|
Other Comprehensive |
|
| |
|
Other Long-Term Investments |
|
|
Other Liabilities |
|
|
Income |
|
| |
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
| Instrument |
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Interest rate
swaps |
|
$ |
10 |
|
|
$ |
8 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
(4 |
) |
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
(5 |
) |
|
Foreign currency
swaps |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
Interest rate and
foreign currency swaps |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
26 |
|
|
$ |
12 |
|
|
$ |
15 |
|
|
$ |
30 |
|
|
$ |
24 |
|
|
$ |
(30 |
) |
|
$ |
29 |
|
|
$ |
(27 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchased options —
$315 million of cash surrender value of related life insurance
policies |
|
Interest rate |
|
To hedge the possibility of early policyholder
cash surrender when the amortized cost of underlying invested assets is
greater than their fair values. |
|
The Company pays a fee and may receive or pay
cash, based on the difference between the amortized cost and fair values
of underlying invested assets at the time of policyholder surrender. These
cash flows will be reported in financing activities. |
|
Using cash flow hedge accounting, fair values
are reported in other assets or other liabilities, with changes in fair
value reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized to
other benefit expenses over the life of the underlying invested assets.
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Fair
Value Effect on the Financial Statements |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair values reported in other assets and
other comprehensive income were not significant. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treasury lock
|
|
Interest rate |
|
To hedge the variability of and fix at inception
date, the benchmark Treasury rate component of future interest payments on
debt to be issued. |
|
The Company paid the fair value of the contract
at the expiration. Cash flows were reported in operating activities. |
|
Using cash flow hedge accounting, fair values
are reported in other assets or other liabilities, with changes in fair
value reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized to
interest expense over the life of the debt issued. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
Fair
Value Effect on the Financial Statements |
| |
|
In the first quarter of 2009, all
treasury locks matured and the Company recognized a gain of $14 million in
other comprehensive income, resulting in net cumulative losses of $26
million, to be amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt. In
the second quarter of 2009, the Company issued debt and began amortizing
this loss to interest expense.
|
For the three and six
month periods ended June 30, 2010 and 2009, the amount of gains (losses)
reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income was not
significant. No gains (losses) were recognized due to ineffectiveness and
no amounts were excluded from the assessment of hedge ineffectiveness.
28
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Instrument / Volume of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Activity |
|
Primary Risk |
|
Purpose |
|
Cash
Flows |
|
Accounting Policy |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Derivatives Not Designated As
Accounting Hedges |
|
Futures —
$1,205 million of U.S. dollar equivalent market price of outstanding
contracts |
|
Equity and foreign currency |
|
To reduce domestic and international equity
market exposures for certain reinsurance contracts that guarantee minimum
death benefits (GMDB) resulting from changes in variable annuity
account values based on underlying mutual funds. Currency futures are
primarily euros, Japanese yen and British pounds. |
|
The Company receives (pays) cash daily in the
amount of the change in fair value of the futures contracts. Cash flows
are included in operating activities. |
|
Fair value changes are reported in other
revenues. Amounts not yet settled from the previous day’s fair value
change (daily variation margin) are reported in premiums, accounts and
notes receivable, net or accounts payable, accrued expenses and other
liabilities. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
Value Effect on the Financial Statements (In millions) |
|
| |
|
Other Revenues |
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
| |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Futures |
|
$ |
92 |
|
|
$ |
(188 |
) |
|
$ |
47 |
|
|
$ |
(71 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps —
$45 million of par value of related investments |
|
Interest rate |
|
To hedge the interest cash flows of fixed
maturities to match associated liabilities. |
|
The Company periodically exchanges cash flows
between variable and fixed interest rates for both principal and interest.
Net interest cash flows are reported in other realized investment gains
(losses) and included in operating activities. |
|
Fair values are reported in other long-term
investments or other liabilities, with changes in fair value reported in
other realized investment gains and
losses. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
Value Effect on the Financial Statements (In millions) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized Investment Gains (Losses) |
|
| |
|
Other Long-Term Investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| |
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Interest rate
swaps |
|
$ |
4 |
|
|
$ |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Written options (GMIB
liability) — $1,360 million of maximum potential undiscounted future
payments as defined in Note 17
Purchased options (GMIB asset) —
$748 million of maximum potential undiscounted future receipts as defined
in Note 17 |
|
Equity and interest rate |
|
The Company has written reinsurance contracts
with issuers of variable annuity contracts that provide annuitants with
certain guarantees of minimum income benefits, resulting from the level of
variable annuity account values compared with a contractually guaranteed
amount. Payment by the Company depends on the actual account value in the
underlying mutual funds and the level of interest rates when the
contractholders elect to receive minimum income payments. The Company
purchased reinsurance contracts to reduce a portion of the market risks
assumed. These contracts are accounted for as written and purchased
options. |
|
The Company periodically receives (pays) fees
based on either contractholders’ account values or deposits increased at a
contractual rate. The Company will also pay (receive) cash depending
on changes in account values and interest rates when contractholders first
elect to receive minimum income payments. These cash flows are reported in
operating activities. |
|
Fair values are reported in other liabilities
(GMIB liability) and other assets (GMIB asset). Changes in fair value are
reported in GMIB fair value
(gain)/loss. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
Value Effect on the Financial Statements (In millions) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts Payable, Accrued
Expenses and |
|
|
GMIB Fair Value |
|
| |
|
Other Assets |
|
|
Other Liabilities |
|
|
(Gain)/Loss |
|
| |
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
|
As of |
|
|
Three Months Ended June 30, |
|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|
| Instrument |
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
December 31, 2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Written options (GMIB
liability) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1,221 |
|
|
$ |
903 |
|
|
$ |
351 |
|
|
$ |
(362 |
) |
|
$ |
347 |
|
|
$ |
(432 |
) |
|
Purchased options (GMIB
asset) |
|
|
658 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
658 |
|
|
$ |
482 |
|
|
$ |
1,221 |
|
|
$ |
903 |
|
|
$ |
164 |
|
|
$ |
(164 |
) |
|
$ |
160 |
|
|
$ |
(196 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29
Note 10 — Variable
Interest Entities
When the Company
becomes involved with a variable interest entity and when the nature of the
Company’s involvement with the entity changes, in order to determine if the
Company is the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the entity, it
evaluates:
| • |
|
the structure and purpose of the entity; |
| • |
|
the risks and rewards created by and shared through the entity;
and |
| • |
|
the entity’s participants’ ability to direct the activities, receive
its benefits and absorb its losses. Participants include the entity’s
sponsors, equity holders, guarantors, creditors and
servicers. |
In the normal course
of its investing activities, the Company makes passive investments in debt and
equity securities that are issued by variable interest entities. The Company
does not consolidate these entities because either:
| • |
|
it was not the sponsor or manager and had no power to direct the
activities that most significantly impacted the entities’ economic
performance; or |
| • |
|
it had no right to receive benefits nor obligation to absorb losses
that could be significant to these variable interest
entities. |
The Company’s maximum
exposure to loss related to these entities is limited to the carrying amount of
its investment. The Company performs ongoing qualitative analyses of its
involvement with these variable interest entities to determine if consolidation
is required.
The Company recorded
pre-tax income of $5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010
and $13 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 from these
investments. Additional information about the nature and activities of these
unconsolidated variable interest entities is provided below.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Variable |
|
|
|
Factors Considered in Determining |
|
Risk Exposure and Effect on the |
| Interests |
|
Nature, Purpose and Activities |
|
Consolidation Not Required |
|
Financial Statements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturities —
Foreign bank obligations — $409 million par value interest of total
$1,131 million par value |
|
To create a more active market for perpetual
floating-rate subordinated notes issued by foreign banks, special-purpose
trusts are formed to purchase these notes and sell participation interests
to investors in the form of fixed-rate debt securities and equity
interests. The trusts also purchase derivative contracts to exchange the
floating-rate cash flows for fixed-rate and obtain guarantees from third
parties to support these fixed-rate payments to its debt holders. In
certain trusts, the foreign bank perpetual notes were replaced with U.S.
government-sponsored bonds. The Company owns a share of the debt
securities issued by the trust and receives fixed-rate cash flows for a
stated period. |
|
The third-party guarantors of the debt
securities issued by the trust generally control the activities that most
significantly impact the trusts’ economic performance, are obligated to
absorb any losses, and are the primary beneficiaries. |
|
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss is equal
to the fair value of its variable interests reported on the balance sheet
in fixed maturities. Unrealized changes in fair value are reported in
accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized changes in fair value
(impairment or sale) are reported in realized investment gains (losses),
and interest earned is reported in net investment income. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Effect on the Financial Statements (In
millions) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Other |
|
|
Income from Continuing Operations
before |
|
| |
Fixed Maturities |
|
|
Comprehensive Income (1) |
|
|
Income Taxes (1) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
As of June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
| |
$ |
498 |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
7 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Other comprehensive income excludes gains of $40 million for
the three months and gains of $57 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 and income from continuing operations before income
taxes excludes gains of $6 million for the three months and gains of
$13 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 of amounts
required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement
annuity business. |
30
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Variable |
|
|
|
Factors Considered in Determining |
|
Risk Exposure and Effect on the |
| Interests |
|
Nature, Purpose and Activities |
|
Consolidation Not Required |
|
Financial Statements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed maturities —
Mortgage and other asset backed securities — $360 million par value
interest of total $47,369 million par value |
|
Special-purpose entities are created by
third-party sponsors to increase the availability of financing for
commercial or residential mortgages or other assets and provide investors
with diversified exposure to these assets. Generally, the entities
purchase mortgage loans or other assets, assemble pools of these assets
and sell senior or subordinated securities to investors based on their
risk tolerance. The securities represent a right to a share of the cash
flows from the underlying assets in the pool. Typically, the most
subordinate holder bears the first risk of loss and potential for higher
returns. The Company owns a minority share of senior securities and
receives fixed-rate cash flows. |
|
Third-party sponsors generally control the
activities that most significantly impact the entities’ economic
performance, bear the first risk of loss and receive any residual returns,
and are primary beneficiaries. In certain circumstances (such as when
unexpected losses occur), the sponsor may lose the power to direct the
entity’s activities and control would rest with the next most subordinate
investor. |
|
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss is equal
to the fair value of its variable interests reported on the balance sheet
in fixed maturities. Unrealized changes in fair value are reported in
accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized changes in fair value
(impairment or sale) are reported in realized investment gains (losses),
and interest earned is reported in net investment income. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Effect on the Financial Statements (In
millions) |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Other |
|
|
Income from Continuing Operations
before |
|
| |
Fixed Maturities |
|
|
Comprehensive Income |
|
|
Income Taxes |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
As of June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
| |
$ |
336 |
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
15 |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
9 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity securities and
fixed maturities — Other — $56 million par value interest of total
$6,145 million par value |
|
Special-purpose trust entities are created by
banks to gain access to capital markets, maintain required regulatory
capital and receive tax deductions for interest paid on debt obligations.
These entities purchase subordinated notes issued and guaranteed by the
sponsoring banks and sell debt or equity securities. Equity interests in
these entities are held by their sponsoring banks. The Company owns a
minority share of these debt and equity securities and receives fixed cash
flows. |
|
The banks that create these trusts control the
activities that most significantly impact their economic performance, are
obligated to absorb any losses and are the primary beneficiaries. |
|
The Company’s maximum exposure to loss is equal
to the fair value of its variable interests reported on the balance sheet
in equity securities and fixed maturities. Unrealized changes in fair
value are reported in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized
changes in fair value (impairment or sale) are reported in realized
investment gains (losses), and interest earned is reported in net
investment income. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Effect on the Financial Statements (In
millions) |
|
| |
Equity Securities and |
|
|
Gain (Loss) Recognized in
Other |
|
|
Income from Continuing Operations
before |
|
| |
Fixed Maturities |
|
|
Comprehensive Income (1) |
|
|
Income Taxes (1) |
|
| |
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
As of June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
June 30, 2010 |
|
| |
$ |
46 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
|
$ |
2 |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Other comprehensive income excludes losses of $1 million for
the three months and gains of $4 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 and income from continuing operations before income
taxes excludes gains of $1 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 of amounts required to adjust future policy benefits
for the run-off settlement annuity business. |
31
In addition to the
variable interest entities described above, as of June 30, 2010 the Company
was also involved in:
| • |
|
trusts that are variable interest entities controlled by contractual
provisions and holding investments that secure certain reinsurance
recoverables resulting from the sales of the retirement benefits and
individual life insurance and annuity businesses (see Note 11 for further
information); |
| • |
|
real estate joint ventures with carrying values of $10 million
where all decisions significantly affecting the entities’ economic
performance are subject to unanimous approval by the equity holders. As a
result, the Company determined that the power over these entities is
shared equally, and there is no primary beneficiary. The Company’s maximum
exposure to loss was equal to its carrying value;
and |
| • |
|
certain fixed maturities with an aggregate fair value of
$13 million issued by entities subject to troubled debt
restructurings or bankruptcy proceedings. As a result, the equity owners
no longer have the power to direct the significant activities of the
entities. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss was equal to its fair
value. |
The Company does not
have the power to direct these entities’ activities; therefore, it was not the
primary beneficiary and did not consolidate these entities.
Note 11 —
Reinsurance
The Company’s
insurance subsidiaries enter into agreements with other insurance companies to
assume and cede reinsurance. Reinsurance is ceded primarily to limit losses from
large exposures and to permit recovery of a portion of direct losses.
Reinsurance is also used in acquisition and disposition transactions when the
underwriting company is not being acquired. Reinsurance does not relieve the
originating insurer of liability. The Company regularly evaluates the financial
condition of its reinsurers and monitors its concentrations of credit risk.
Retirement
benefits business. The Company had reinsurance recoverables of
$1.7 billion as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 from Prudential
Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company resulting from the sale of the
retirement benefits business, which was primarily in the form of a reinsurance
arrangement. The reinsurance recoverable, which is reduced as the Company’s
reinsured liabilities are paid or directly assumed by the reinsurer, is secured
primarily by fixed maturities whose book value is equal to or greater than 100%
of the reinsured liabilities. These fixed maturities are held in a trust
established for the benefit of the Company. As of June 30, 2010, the book
value of the trust assets exceeded the recoverable.
Individual life
and annuity reinsurance. The Company had reinsurance recoverables of
$4.4 billion as of June 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009 from The
Lincoln National Life Insurance Company and Lincoln Life & Annuity of New
York resulting from the 1998 sale of the Company’s individual life insurance and
annuity business through indemnity reinsurance arrangements. At June 30,
2010, the $4 billion reinsurance recoverable from The Lincoln National Life
Insurance Company was secured by assets held in a trust established for the
benefit of the Company, and was less than the market value of the trust assets.
The remaining recoverable from Lincoln Life & Annuity of New York of
$411 million is currently unsecured, however, if this reinsurer does not
maintain a specified minimum credit or claims paying rating, it is required to
fully secure the outstanding balance. As of June 30, 2010 both companies
had ratings sufficient to not trigger a contractual obligation.
Other Ceded and
Assumed Reinsurance
Ceded
Reinsurance: Ongoing operations. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries
have reinsurance recoverables from various reinsurance arrangements in the
ordinary course of business for its Health Care, Disability and Life, and
International segments as well as the non-leveraged and leveraged
corporate-owned life insurance business. Reinsurance recoverables of
$284 million as of June 30, 2010 are expected to be collected from
more than 90 reinsurers.
The Company reviews
its reinsurance arrangements and establishes reserves against the recoverables
in the event that recovery is not considered probable. As of June 30, 2010,
the Company’s recoverables related to these segments were net of a reserve of
$9 million.
Assumed and
Ceded reinsurance: Run-off Reinsurance segment. The Company’s Run-off
Reinsurance operations assumed risks related to GMDB contracts, GMIB contracts,
workers’ compensation, and personal accident business. The Company’s Run-off
Reinsurance operations also purchased retrocessional coverage to reduce the risk
of loss on these contracts.
Liabilities related to
GMDB, workers’ compensation and personal accident are included in future policy
benefits and unpaid claims. Because the GMIB contracts are treated as
derivatives under GAAP, the asset related to GMIB is recorded in the caption
Other assets, including other intangibles and the liability related to GMIB is
recorded in the caption Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other
liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (see Notes 7 and 17 for
additional discussion of the GMIB assets and liabilities).
32
The reinsurance
recoverables for GMDB, workers’ compensation, and personal accident of
$114 million as of June 30, 2010 are expected to be collected from
approximately 80 retrocessionaires.
The Company reviews
its reinsurance arrangements and establishes reserves against the recoverables
in the event that recovery is not considered probable. As of June 30, 2010,
the Company’s recoverables related to this segment were net of a reserve of
$6 million.
The Company’s payment
obligations for underlying reinsurance exposures assumed by the Company under
these contracts are based on the ceding companies’ claim payments. For GMDB,
claim payments vary because of changes in equity markets and interest rates, as
well as claim mortality and contractholder behavior. For workers’ compensation
and personal accident, the payments relate to accidents and injuries. Any of
these claim payments can extend many years into the future, and the amount of
the ceding companies’ ultimate claims, and therefore the amount of the Company’s
ultimate payment obligations and corresponding ultimate collection from
retrocessionaires, may not be known with certainty for some time.
Summary.
The Company’s reserves for underlying reinsurance exposures assumed by
the Company, as well as for amounts recoverable from
reinsurers/retrocessionaires for both ongoing operations and the run-off
reinsurance operation, are considered appropriate as of June 30, 2010,
based on current information. However, it is possible that future developments
could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of
operations and, in certain situations, such as if actual experience differs from
the assumptions used in estimating reserves for GMDB, could have a material
adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition. The Company bears the risk
of loss if its retrocessionaires do not meet or are unable to meet their
reinsurance obligations to the Company.
Effects of
reinsurance. In the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income,
Premiums and fees were net of ceded premiums, and Total benefits and expenses
were net of reinsurance recoveries, in the following amounts:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Ceded premiums and
fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual life
insurance and annuity business sold |
|
$ |
49 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
|
$ |
95 |
|
|
$ |
101 |
|
|
Other |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
129 |
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
114 |
|
|
$ |
105 |
|
|
$ |
224 |
|
|
$ |
216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reinsurance
recoveries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Individual life
insurance and annuity business sold |
|
$ |
81 |
|
|
$ |
59 |
|
|
$ |
148 |
|
|
$ |
127 |
|
|
Other |
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
130 |
|
|
$ |
83 |
|
|
$ |
241 |
|
|
$ |
209 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33
Note 12 — Pension
and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
The Company and
certain of its subsidiaries provide pension, health care and life insurance
defined benefits to eligible retired employees, spouses and other eligible
dependents through various domestic and foreign plans. The effect of its foreign
pension and other postretirement benefit plans is immaterial to the Company’s
results of operations, liquidity and financial position. Effective July 1,
2009, the Company froze its primary domestic defined benefit pension plans.
During the second
quarter of 2010, the annual actuarial study was completed. Based on the results
of the 2010 study, the Company updated its mortality assumption to provide for
mortality improvement. Primarily as a result of this mortality assumption
change, the Company increased its postretirement benefits liability and
decreased shareholders’ equity by $155 million pre-tax ($100 million
after-tax) for the three months ended June 30, 2010 and by
$152 million pre-tax ($92 million after-tax) for the six months ended
June 30, 2010.
As a result of the
2009 plan freeze discussed above, a curtailment of benefits occurred in the
second quarter of 2009 because it eliminated all future service for active
employees in the domestic plans. Accordingly, the Company recognized a pre-tax
curtailment gain of $46 million ($30 million after-tax) during the second
quarter of 2009, which was the remaining unamortized negative prior service cost
at May 31, 2009.
Pension and
Other Postretirement Benefits. Components of net pension and net other
postretirement benefit costs were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Pension Benefits |
|
|
Other Postretirement Benefits |
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Service cost |
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
21 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
42 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
Interest cost |
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
Expected long-term
return on plan assets |
|
|
(63 |
) |
|
|
(60 |
) |
|
|
(126 |
) |
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
Amortization
of: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss from past
experience |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
Prior service
cost |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
Curtailment
gain |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net pension
cost |
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
(14 |
) |
|
$ |
9 |
|
|
$ |
22 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company funds its
qualified pension plans at least at the minimum amount required by the Pension
Protection Act of 2006, which requires companies to fully fund defined benefit
pension plans over a seven-year period beginning in 2008. For the six months
ended June 30, 2010, the Company contributed $212 million, of which
$69 million was required and $143 million was voluntary. For the
remainder of 2010, the Company is not required to make any additional
contributions.
34
Note 13 — Debt
Short-term and
long-term debt were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
December 31, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Short-term: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial
paper |
|
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
100 |
|
|
Current maturities of
long-term debt |
|
|
226 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total short-term
debt |
|
$ |
326 |
|
|
$ |
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uncollateralized
debt: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7% Notes due
2011 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
222 |
|
|
6.375% Notes due
2011 |
|
|
226 |
|
|
|
226 |
|
|
5.375% Notes due
2017 |
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
6.35% Notes due
2018 |
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
8.5% Notes due
2019 |
|
|
349 |
|
|
|
349 |
|
|
5.125% Notes due
2020 |
|
|
299 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
6.37% Notes due
2021 |
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
7.65% Notes due
2023 |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
8.3% Notes due
2023 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
7.875% Debentures due
2027 |
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
8.3% Step Down Notes
due 2033 |
|
|
83 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
|
6.15% Notes due
2036 |
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
Other |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total long-term
debt |
|
$ |
2,510 |
|
|
$ |
2,436 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the first quarter
of 2010, the 7% Notes due 2011 were reclassified into current maturities of
long-term debt because they will mature in less than one year.
On May 12, 2010,
the Company issued $300 million of 5.125% Notes ($299 million, net of
discount, with an effective interest rate of 5.36% per year). Interest is
payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year beginning
December 15, 2010. The proceeds of this debt were used for general
corporate purposes. These Notes will mature on June 15, 2020.
On May 4, 2009,
the Company issued $350 million of 8.5% Notes ($349 million, net of
debt discount, with an effective interest rate of 9.90% per year). The
difference between the stated and effective interest rates primarily reflects
the effect of a treasury lock. Interest is payable on May 1 and November 1 of
each year beginning November 1, 2009. The proceeds of this debt were used
for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of some of the Company’s
outstanding commercial paper. These Notes will mature on May 1, 2019.
The Company may redeem
these Notes, at any time, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to
the greater of:
| • |
|
100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed;
or |
| • |
|
the present value of the remaining principal and interest payments on
the Notes being redeemed discounted at the applicable treasury rate plus
25 basis points (5.125% Notes due 2020) or 50 basis points (8.5% Notes due
2019). |
35
Note 14 —
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated other
comprehensive loss excludes amounts required to adjust future policy benefits
for the run-off settlement annuity business. Changes in accumulated other
comprehensive loss were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Tax |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
(Expense) |
|
|
After- |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Pre-Tax |
|
|
Benefit |
|
|
Tax |
|
|
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation on securities arising during the period |
|
$ |
198 |
|
|
$ |
(69 |
) |
|
$ |
129 |
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, securities |
|
$ |
180 |
|
|
$ |
(62 |
) |
|
$ |
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, derivatives |
|
$ |
24 |
|
|
$ |
(8 |
) |
|
$ |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net translation of
foreign currencies |
|
$ |
(59 |
) |
|
$ |
16 |
|
|
$ |
(43 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Postretirement
benefits liability adjustment: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior
service costs |
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
Net change due to
valuation update |
|
|
(157 |
) |
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net postretirement
benefits liability adjustment |
|
$ |
(155 |
) |
|
$ |
55 |
|
|
$ |
(100 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended June
30, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Implementation effect
of updated guidance on other-than-temporary impairments |
|
$ |
(27 |
) |
|
$ |
9 |
|
|
$ |
(18 |
) |
|
Net unrealized
appreciation on securities arising during the period |
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
(119 |
) |
|
|
226 |
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, securities |
|
$ |
302 |
|
|
$ |
(106 |
) |
|
$ |
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
depreciation, derivatives |
|
$ |
(30 |
) |
|
$ |
11 |
|
|
$ |
(19 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net translation of
foreign currencies |
|
$ |
66 |
|
|
$ |
(24 |
) |
|
$ |
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Postretirement
benefits liability adjustment: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior
service costs |
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
|
$ |
4 |
|
|
Curtailment
gain |
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
Net change due to
valuation update |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net postretirement
benefits liability adjustment |
|
$ |
(31 |
) |
|
$ |
11 |
|
|
$ |
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Tax |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
(Expense) |
|
|
After- |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Pre-Tax |
|
|
Benefit |
|
|
Tax |
|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation on securities arising during the year |
|
$ |
325 |
|
|
$ |
(111 |
) |
|
$ |
214 |
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
(37 |
) |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, securities |
|
$ |
288 |
|
|
$ |
(98 |
) |
|
$ |
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, derivatives |
|
$ |
30 |
|
|
$ |
(10 |
) |
|
$ |
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net translation of
foreign currencies |
|
$ |
(53 |
) |
|
$ |
14 |
|
|
$ |
(39 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Postretirement
benefits liability adjustment: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior
service costs |
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
10 |
|
|
Net change due to
valuation update |
|
|
(157 |
) |
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
(102 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net postretirement
benefits liability adjustment |
|
$ |
(152 |
) |
|
$ |
60 |
|
|
$ |
(92 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Implementation effect
of updated guidance on other-than-temporary impairments |
|
$ |
(27 |
) |
|
$ |
9 |
|
|
$ |
(18 |
) |
|
Net unrealized
appreciation on securities arising during the year |
|
|
388 |
|
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
256 |
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for losses included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
appreciation, securities |
|
$ |
378 |
|
|
$ |
(131 |
) |
|
$ |
247 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized
depreciation, derivatives |
|
$ |
(13 |
) |
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net translation of
foreign currencies |
|
$ |
22 |
|
|
$ |
(8 |
) |
|
$ |
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Postretirement
benefits liability adjustment: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for amortization of net losses from past experience and prior
service costs |
|
$ |
12 |
|
|
$ |
(4 |
) |
|
$ |
8 |
|
|
Curtailment
gain |
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassification
adjustment for (gains) included in shareholders’ net income |
|
|
(34 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
Net change due to
valuation update |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net postretirement
benefits liability adjustment |
|
$ |
(24 |
) |
|
$ |
8 |
|
|
$ |
(16 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note 15 — Income
Taxes
A. Income Tax
Expense
The Company has
historically accrued U.S. income taxes on the undistributed earnings of foreign
subsidiaries. Though this practice continues relative to most of the Company’s
foreign subsidiaries, it recently began computing income taxes attributable to
its South Korea and Hong Kong operations using the foreign jurisdiction tax rate
as compared to the higher U.S. statutory tax rate. The change was made because
the Company determined that the prospective earnings of these operations are to
be permanently invested overseas.
As a result,
shareholders’ net income for the six months ended June 30, 2010 increased
by $20 million, which included $11 million relative to South Korea and
$9 million related to Hong Kong (which includes $6 million associated
with first quarter implementation). Shareholders’ net income for the six months
ended June 30, 2009 included $20 million attributable to South Korea.
As of June 30, 2010, deferred tax liabilities not recognized as a result of
the permanent investment of South Korea and Hong Kong operation earnings was
$43 million.
B. Unrecognized Tax
Benefits
Gross unrecognized tax
benefits declined for the six months ended June 30, 2010 by
$60 million which was primarily due to the reversal of previously
established liabilities that were reevaluated in light of new factors and
regulatory guidance. The effect on shareholders’ net income was not material.
37
During the first
quarter of 2009, the IRS completed its examination of the Company’s 2005 and
2006 consolidated federal income tax returns, resulting in an increase to
shareholders’ net income of $21 million ($20 million in continuing
operations and $1 million in discontinued operations). This increase
reflected a reduction in net unrecognized tax benefits of $8 million
($17 million reported in income tax expense, partially offset by a
$9 million pre-tax charge) and a reduction of interest and penalties of
$13 million (reported in income tax expense).
Over the next twelve
months, the Company has determined it is reasonably possible that the level of
unrecognized tax benefits could increase or decrease significantly, subject to
developments in certain matters in dispute with the IRS. It is also reasonably
possible there could be a significant decline in the level of valuation
allowances recorded against deferred tax benefits of the reinsurance operations
within the next twelve months. A potential decline in these unrecognized tax
benefits and valuation allowances could increase shareholders’ net income by
approximately $30 million in the second half of 2010, subject to the
settlement of certain disputed matters for tax years 2005 and 2006. It is also
reasonably possible that additional shareholders’ net income of approximately
$60 million could be recognized for tax years after 2006; the timing of
which is uncertain.
C. Other Tax
Matters
During the first
quarter of 2009, final resolution was reached in one of the two disputed issues
associated with the IRS examination of the Company’s 2003 and 2004 consolidated
federal income tax returns. The second of these disputed matters remains
unresolved and on June 4, 2009 the Company initiated litigation of this
matter by filing a petition in the United States Tax Court. Due to the nature of
the litigation process, the timing of the resolution of this matter is
uncertain. Though the Company expects to prevail, an unfavorable resolution of
this litigation would result in a charge to shareholders’ net income of up to
approximately $20 million, representing net interest expense on the
cumulative incremental tax for all affected years. In addition, two
issues remain unresolved from the IRS examination of the Company’s 2005 and 2006
consolidated federal income tax returns. One of these unresolved issues is the
same matter that remains in dispute from the prior IRS examination. The Company
is attempting to resolve the other matter through the administrative appeals
process, and filed a formal protest of the proposed adjustments on
March 31, 2009.
The recently enacted
Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act, including the Reconciliation Act
of 2010, included provisions limiting the tax deductibility of certain future
retiree benefit and compensation related payments. The effect of these
provisions reduced shareholders’ net income for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 by $6 million. The Company will continue to evaluate the
tax effect of these provisions.
38
Note 16 — Segment
Information
The Company’s
operating segments generally reflect groups of related products, except for the
International segment which is generally based on geography. In accordance with
GAAP, operating segments that do not require separate disclosure have been
combined into Other Operations. The Company measures the financial results of
its segments using “segment earnings (loss),” which is defined as shareholders’
income (loss) from continuing operations excluding after-tax realized
investment gains and losses.
Beginning in 2010, the
Company began reporting the expense associated with its frozen pension plans in
Corporate. Prior periods were not restated. The effect on prior periods is not
material.
Summarized segment
financial information was as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Premiums and fees,
Mail order pharmacy revenues and Other revenues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health Care |
|
$ |
3,692 |
|
|
$ |
3,240 |
|
|
$ |
7,423 |
|
|
$ |
6,529 |
|
|
Disability and
Life |
|
|
678 |
|
|
|
689 |
|
|
|
1,368 |
|
|
|
1,390 |
|
|
International |
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
1,084 |
|
|
|
906 |
|
|
Run-off
Reinsurance |
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
(183 |
) |
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
Other
Operations |
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
5,048 |
|
|
$ |
4,246 |
|
|
$ |
9,993 |
|
|
$ |
8,826 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health Care |
|
$ |
247 |
|
|
$ |
194 |
|
|
$ |
414 |
|
|
$ |
349 |
|
|
Disability and
Life |
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
International |
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
Run-off
Reinsurance |
|
|
(104 |
) |
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
86 |
|
|
Other
Operations |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
(86 |
) |
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
Earnings |
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
566 |
|
|
|
675 |
|
|
Realized investment
gains (losses), net of taxes |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
$ |
294 |
|
|
$ |
435 |
|
|
$ |
577 |
|
|
$ |
642 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39
Note 17 —
Contingencies and Other Matters
The Company, through
its subsidiaries, is contingently liable for various financial guarantees
provided in the ordinary course of business.
Financial
Guarantees Primarily Associated with the Sold Retirement Benefits Business
Separate account
assets are contractholder funds maintained in accounts with specific investment
objectives. The Company records separate account liabilities equal to separate
account assets. In certain cases, primarily associated with the sold retirement
benefits business (which was sold in April 2004), the Company guarantees a
minimum level of benefits for retirement and insurance contracts written in
separate accounts. The Company establishes an additional liability if management
believes that the Company will be required to make a payment under these
guarantees.
The Company guarantees
that separate account assets will be sufficient to pay certain retiree or life
benefits. The sponsoring employers are primarily responsible for ensuring that
assets are sufficient to pay these benefits and are required to maintain assets
that exceed a certain percentage of benefit obligations. This percentage varies
depending on the asset class within a sponsoring employer’s portfolio (for
example, a bond fund would require a lower percentage than a riskier equity
fund) and thus will vary as the composition of the portfolio changes. If
employers do not maintain the required levels of separate account assets, the
Company or an affiliate of the buyer has the right to redirect the management of
the related assets to provide for benefit payments. As of June 30, 2010,
employers maintained assets that exceeded the benefit obligations. Benefit
obligations under these arrangements were $1.7 billion as of June 30,
2010. Approximately 76% of these guarantees are reinsured by an affiliate of the
buyer of the retirement benefits business. The remaining guarantees are provided
by the Company with minimal reinsurance from third parties. There were no
additional liabilities required for these guarantees as of June 30, 2010.
Separate account assets supporting these guarantees are classified in Levels 1
and 2 of the GAAP fair value hierarchy. See Note 7 for further information on
the fair value hierarchy.
The Company does not
expect that these financial guarantees will have a material effect on the
Company’s consolidated results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.
Other Financial
Guarantees
Guaranteed
minimum income benefit contracts. The Company’s reinsurance operations,
which were discontinued in 2000 and are now an inactive business in run-off
mode, reinsured minimum income benefits under certain variable annuity contracts
issued by other insurance companies. A contractholder can elect the guaranteed
minimum income benefit (“GMIB”) within 30 days of any eligible policy
anniversary after a specified contractual waiting period. The Company’s exposure
arises when the guaranteed annuitization benefit exceeds the annuitization
benefit based on the policy’s current account value. At the time of
annuitization, the Company pays the excess (if any) of the guaranteed benefit
over the benefit based on the current account value in a lump sum to the direct
writing insurance company.
In periods of
declining equity markets or declining interest rates, the Company’s GMIB
liabilities increase. Conversely, in periods of rising equity markets and rising
interest rates, the Company’s liabilities for these benefits decrease.
The Company estimates
the fair value of the GMIB assets and liabilities using assumptions for market
returns and interest rates, volatility of the underlying equity and bond mutual
fund investments, mortality, lapse, annuity election rates, nonperformance risk,
and risk and profit charges. See Note 7 for additional information on how fair
values for these liabilities and related receivables for retrocessional coverage
are determined.
The Company is
required to disclose the maximum potential undiscounted future payments for GMIB
contracts. Under these guarantees, the future payment amounts are dependent on
equity and bond fund market and interest rate levels prior to and at the date of
annuitization election, which must occur within 30 days of a policy
anniversary, after the appropriate waiting period. Therefore, the future
payments are not fixed and determinable under the terms of the contract.
Accordingly, the Company has estimated the maximum potential undiscounted future
payments using hypothetical adverse assumptions, defined as follows:
| • |
|
no annuitants surrendered their accounts; |
| • |
|
all annuitants lived to elect their benefit; |
| • |
|
all annuitants elected to receive their benefit on the next available
date (2010 through 2014); and |
| • |
|
all underlying mutual fund investment values remained at the
June 30, 2010 value of $1.2 billion with no future
returns. |
40
The maximum potential
undiscounted payments that the Company would make under those assumptions would
aggregate $1.4 billion before reinsurance recoveries. The Company expects
the amount of actual payments to be significantly less than this hypothetical
undiscounted aggregate amount. The Company has retrocessional coverage in place
from two external reinsurers which covers 55% of the exposures on these
contracts. The receivable from one of these reinsurers is substantially
collateralized by assets held in a trust. The Company bears the risk of loss if
its retrocessionaires do not meet or are unable to meet their reinsurance
obligations to the Company.
Certain other
guarantees. The Company had indemnification obligations to lenders of up
to $229 million as of June 30, 2010, related to borrowings by certain real
estate joint ventures which the Company either records as an investment or
consolidates. These borrowings, which are nonrecourse to the Company, are
secured by the joint ventures’ real estate properties with fair values in excess
of the loan amounts and mature at various dates beginning in 2011 through 2017.
The Company’s indemnification obligations would require payment to lenders for
actual damages resulting from certain acts such as unauthorized ownership
transfers, misappropriation of rental payments by others or environmental
damages. Based on initial and ongoing reviews of property management and
operations, the Company does not expect that payments will be required under
these indemnification obligations. Any payments that might be required could be
recovered through a refinancing or sale of the assets. In some cases, the
Company also has recourse to partners for their proportionate share of amounts
paid. There were no liabilities required for these indemnification obligations
as of June 30, 2010.
As of June 30,
2010, the Company guaranteed that it would compensate the lessors for a
shortfall of up to $44 million in the market value of certain leased
equipment at the end of the lease. Guarantees of $28 million expire in 2012
and $16 million expire in 2016. The Company had liabilities for these
guarantees of $9 million as of June 30, 2010.
As part of the
reinsurance and administrative service arrangements acquired from Great-West
Life and Annuity, Inc., the Company is responsible to pay claims for the group
medical and long-term disability business of Great-West Healthcare and collect
related amounts due from their third party reinsurers. Any such amounts not
collected will represent additional assumed liabilities of the Company and
decrease shareholders’ net income if and when these amounts are determined
uncollectible. At June 30, 2010, there were no receivables recorded for
paid claims due from third party reinsurers for this business and unpaid claims
related to this business were estimated at $20 million.
The Company had
indemnification obligations as of June 30, 2010 in connection with
acquisition and disposition transactions. These indemnification obligations are
triggered by the breach of representations or covenants provided by the Company,
such as representations for the presentation of financial statements, the filing
of tax returns, compliance with law or the identification of outstanding
litigation. These obligations are typically subject to various time limitations,
defined by the contract or by operation of law, such as statutes of limitation.
In some cases, the maximum potential amount due is subject to contractual
limitations based on a percentage of the transaction purchase price, while in
other cases limitations are not specified or applicable. The Company does not
believe that it is possible to determine the maximum potential amount due under
these obligations, since not all amounts due under these indemnification
obligations are subject to limitation. There were no liabilities required for
these indemnification obligations as of June 30, 2010.
The Company has
agreements with certain banks that provide banking services to settle claim
checks processed by the Company for ASO and certain minimum premium customers.
The customers are responsible for adequately funding their accounts as claim
checks are presented for payment. Under these agreements, the Company guarantees
that the banks will not incur a loss if a customer fails to properly fund its
account. The guarantee fluctuates daily. As of June 30, 2010, the aggregate
maximum exposure under these guarantees was approximately $411 million and
there were no liabilities required. After-tax charges related to this guarantee
were approximately $3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010
and there were no charges for the same period in 2009. Through July 28,
2010, the exposure that existed at June 30, 2010 has been reduced by
approximately 92% through customers’ funding of claim checks when presented for
payment. In addition, the Company can limit its exposure under these guarantees
by suspending claim payments for any customer who has not adequately funded
their bank account.
The Company contracts
on an administrative services only (“ASO”) basis with customers who fund their
own claims. The Company charges these customers administrative fees based on the
expected cost of administering their self-funded programs. In some cases, the
Company provides performance guarantees associated with meeting certain service
related and other performance standards. If these standards are not met, the
Company may be financially at risk up to a stated percentage of the contracted
fee or a stated dollar amount. The Company establishes liabilities for estimated
payouts associated with these performance guarantees. Approximately 12% of
reported ASO fees are at risk, with actual reimbursements of less than 1% of
reported ASO fees.
41
The Company does not
expect that these guarantees will have a material adverse effect on the
Company’s consolidated results of operations, liquidity or financial condition.
Regulatory and
Industry Developments
Employee
benefits regulation. The business of administering and insuring employee
benefit programs, particularly health care programs, is heavily regulated by
federal and state laws and administrative agencies, such as state departments of
insurance and the Federal Departments of Labor and Justice, as well as the
courts. Regulation, legislation and judicial decisions have resulted in changes
to industry and the Company’s business practices and will continue to do so in
the future. In addition, the Company’s subsidiaries are routinely involved with
various claims, lawsuits and regulatory and IRS audits and investigations that
could result in financial liability, changes in business practices, or both.
Health care regulation and legislation in its various forms, including the
implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (including the
Reconciliation Act) that was signed into law during the first quarter of 2010,
could have an adverse effect on the Company’s health care operations if it
inhibits the Company’s ability to respond to market demands, adversely affects
the way the Company does business, or results in increased medical or
administrative costs without improving the quality of care or services.
Other possible
regulatory and legislative changes or judicial decisions that could have an
adverse effect on the Company’s employee benefits businesses include:
| • |
|
additional mandated benefits or services that increase
costs; |
| • |
|
legislation that would grant plan participants broader rights to sue
their health plans; |
| • |
|
changes in public policy and in the political environment, which could
affect state and federal law, including legislative and regulatory
proposals related to health care issues, which could increase cost and
affect the market for the Company’s health care products and
services; |
| • |
|
changes in Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”)
regulations resulting in increased administrative burdens and
costs; |
| • |
|
additional restrictions on the use of prescription drug formularies
and rulings from pending purported class action litigation, which could
result in adjustments to or the elimination of the average wholesale price
of pharmaceutical products as a benchmark in establishing certain rates,
charges, discounts, guarantees and fees for various prescription
drugs; |
| • |
|
additional privacy legislation and regulations that interfere with the
proper use of medical information for research, coordination of medical
care and disease and disability management; |
| • |
|
additional variations among state laws mandating the time periods and
administrative processes for payment of health care provider
claims; |
| • |
|
legislation that would exempt independent physicians from antitrust
laws; and |
| • |
|
changes in federal tax laws, such as amendments that could affect the
taxation of employer provided benefits. |
The employee benefits
industry remains under scrutiny by various state and federal government agencies
and could be subject to government efforts to bring criminal actions in
circumstances that could previously have given rise only to civil or
administrative proceedings.
Concentration of
risk. For the Company’s International segment, South Korea is the single
largest geographic market. South Korea generated 32% of the segment’s revenues
and 44% of the segment’s earnings for the three months ended June 30, 2010.
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, South Korea generated 32% of the
segment’s revenues and 41% of the segment’s earnings. Due to the concentration
of business in South Korea, the International segment is exposed to potential
losses resulting from economic and geopolitical developments in that country, as
well as foreign currency movements affecting the South Korean currency, which
could have a significant impact on the segment’s results and the Company’s
consolidated financial results.
42
Litigation and
Other Legal Matters
The Company is
routinely involved in numerous claims, lawsuits, regulatory and IRS audits,
investigations and other legal matters arising, for the most part, in the
ordinary course of the business of administering and insuring employee benefit
programs including payments to providers and benefit level disputes. Litigation
of income tax matters is accounted for under FASB’s accounting guidance for
uncertainty in income taxes. Further information can be found in Note 15. An
increasing number of claims are being made for substantial non-economic,
extra-contractual or punitive damages. The outcome of litigation and other legal
matters is always uncertain, and outcomes that are not justified by the evidence
can occur. The Company believes that it has valid defenses to the legal matters
pending against it and is defending itself vigorously and has recorded accruals
in accordance with GAAP. Nevertheless, it is possible that resolution of one or
more of the legal matters currently pending or threatened could result in losses
material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, liquidity or
financial condition.
Managed care
litigation. On April 7, 2000, several pending actions were
consolidated in the United States District Court for the Southern District of
Florida in a multi-district litigation proceeding captioned In re Managed
Care Litigation challenging, in general terms, the mechanisms used by
managed care companies in connection with the delivery of or payment for health
care services. The consolidated cases include Shane v. Humana, Inc., et
al., Mangieri v. CIGNA Corporation, Kaiser and Corrigan v. CIGNA
Corporation, et al. and Amer. Dental Ass’n v. CIGNA Corp. et al.
In 2004, the court
approved a settlement agreement between the physician class and CIGNA. However,
a dispute over disallowed claims under the settlement submitted by a
representative of certain class member physicians is in arbitration. Separately,
in 2005, the court approved a settlement between CIGNA and a class of
non-physician health care providers. Only the American Dental Association case
remains unresolved. On March 2, 2009, the Court dismissed with prejudice
five of the six counts of the complaint. On March 20, 2009, the Court
declined to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining state law
claim and dismissed the case. Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal with the
Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals on April 17, 2009. On May 14, 2010,
the Court of Appeals issued a decision affirming the District Court’s dismissal.
CIGNA has received
insurance recoveries related to the In re Managed Care Litigation. In
2008, the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County ruled that the Company is
not entitled to insurance recoveries from one of the two insurers from which the
Company is pursuing further recoveries. CIGNA appealed that decision and on
June 3, 2009, the Superior Court of Pennsylvania reversed the trial court’s
decision, remanding the case to the trial court for further proceedings.
Broker
compensation. Beginning in 2004, the Company, other insurance companies
and certain insurance brokers received subpoenas and inquiries from various
regulators, including the New York and Connecticut Attorneys General, the
Florida Office of Insurance Regulation, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the
Southern District of California and the U.S. Department of Labor relating to
their investigations of insurance broker compensation. CIGNA cooperated with the
inquiries and investigations.
On August 1,
2005, two CIGNA subsidiaries, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company and
Life Insurance Company of North America, were named as defendants in a
multi-district litigation proceeding, In re Insurance Brokerage Antitrust
Litigation, consolidated in the United States District Court for the
District of New Jersey. The complaint alleges that brokers and insurers
conspired to hide commissions, thus increasing the cost of employee benefit
plans, and seeks treble damages and injunctive relief. Numerous insurance
brokers and other insurance companies are named as defendants. In 2008, the
court ordered the clerk to enter judgment against plaintiffs and in favor of the
defendants. Plaintiffs appealed. CIGNA denies the allegations and will continue
to vigorously defend itself.
Amara cash
balance pension plan litigation. On December 18, 2001, Janice Amara
filed a class action lawsuit, captioned Janice C. Amara, Gisela R. Broderick,
Annette S. Glanz, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated v.
CIGNA Corporation and CIGNA Pension Plan, in the United States District
Court for the District of Connecticut against CIGNA Corporation and the CIGNA
Pension Plan on behalf of herself and other similarly situated participants in
the CIGNA Pension Plan affected by the 1998 conversion to a cash balance
formula. The plaintiffs allege various ERISA violations including, among other
things, that the Plan’s cash balance formula discriminates against older
employees; the conversion resulted in a wear away period (during which the
pre-conversion accrued benefit exceeded the post-conversion benefit); and these
conditions are not adequately disclosed in the Plan.
43
In 2008, the court
issued a decision finding in favor of CIGNA Corporation and the CIGNA Pension
Plan on the age discrimination and wear away claims. However, the court found in
favor of the plaintiffs on many aspects of the disclosure claims and ordered an
enhanced level of benefits from the existing cash balance formula for the
majority of the class, requiring class members to receive their frozen benefits
under the pre-conversion CIGNA Pension Plan and their accrued benefits under the
post-conversion CIGNA Pension Plan. The court also ordered, among other things,
pre-judgment and post-judgment interest. Both parties appealed the court’s
decisions to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit which
issued a decision on October 6, 2009 affirming the District Court’s
judgment and order on all issues. On January 4, 2010, the Company and the
plaintiffs filed separate petitions for a writ of certiorari to the United
States Supreme Court. On June 28, 2010, CIGNA’s petition was granted and is
scheduled to be argued at the December 2010 session. The Unites States Supreme
Court held the plaintiffs’ petition for writ of certiorari and the Company
expects it to be disposed of when an opinion is issued. The implementation of
the judgment is currently stayed. The Company will continue to vigorously defend
itself in this case. In the second quarter of 2008, the Company recorded a
charge of $80 million pre-tax ($52 million after-tax), which
principally reflects the Company’s best estimate of the liabilities related to
the court order.
Ingenix.
On February 13, 2008, State of New York Attorney General Andrew M.
Cuomo announced an industry-wide investigation into the use of data provided by
Ingenix, Inc., a subsidiary of UnitedHealthcare, used to calculate payments for
services provided by out-of-network providers. The Company received four
subpoenas from the New York Attorney General’s office in connection with this
investigation and responded appropriately. On February 17, 2009, the
Company entered into an Assurance of Discontinuance resolving the investigation.
In connection with the industry-wide resolution, the Company contributed
$10 million to the establishment of a new non-profit company that will
compile and provide the data currently provided by Ingenix. In addition, on
March 28, 2008, the Company received a voluntary request for production of
documents from the Connecticut Attorney General’s office seeking certain
out-of-network claim payment information. The Company has responded
appropriately. Since January 2009, the Company has received and responded
to inquiries regarding the use of Ingenix data from the Illinois and Texas
Attorneys General and the Departments of Insurance in Illinois, Florida,
Vermont, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Alaska.
The Company was named
as a defendant in eight putative nationwide class actions asserting that due to
the use of data from Ingenix, Inc., the Company improperly underpaid claims, an
industry-wide issue. Three actions were brought on behalf of members, (Franco
v. CIGNA Corp. et al., Chazen v. CIGNA Corp. et al and Nelson v.
Connecticut General Life Insurance Co. et al..), and five actions were
brought on behalf of providers, (American Medical Association et al. v. CIGNA
Corp. et al., Shiring et al. v. CIGNA Corp. et al.; Higashi et al. v.
CGLIC et al.; Pain Management and Surgery Center of Southern Indiana v. CGLIC et
al.; and North Peninsula Surgical Center v. Connecticut General Life
Insurance Co. et al.), all of which were consolidated into the Franco
case pending in the United States District Court for the District of New
Jersey. The consolidated amended complaint, filed on August 7, 2009,
asserts claims under ERISA, the RICO statute, the Sherman Antitrust Act and New
Jersey state law. CIGNA filed a motion to dismiss the consolidated amended
complaint on September 9, 2009, which is now fully briefed and pending.
Plaintiffs filed their motion for class certification on May 28, 2010, and
CIGNA filed an opposition on July 2, 2010.
On June 9, 2009,
CIGNA filed motions in the United States District Court for the Southern
District of Florida to enforce the In re Managed Care Litigation
settlement described above by enjoining the RICO and antitrust causes of
action asserted by the provider and medical association plaintiffs in the
Ingenix litigation on the ground that they arose prior to and were
released in the April 2004 settlement. On November 30, 2009, the Court
granted the motions and ordered the provider and association plaintiffs to
withdraw their RICO and antitrust claims from the Ingenix litigation by
December 21, 2009. The plaintiffs filed notices of appeal with the United
States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit on December 10 and 11,
2009. On April 21, 2010 and June 16, 2010, the appeals were dismissed
for lack of appellate jurisdiction. Plaintiffs filed a motion for rehearing on
July 6, 2010.
Two of the provider
plaintiffs, Higashi and Pain Management and Surgery Center of Southern Indiana,
have voluntarily dismissed their claims.
It is reasonably
possible that others could initiate additional litigation or additional
regulatory action against the Company with respect to use of data provided by
Ingenix, Inc. The Company denies the allegations asserted in the investigations
and litigation and will vigorously defend itself in these matters.
44
|
|
|
| Item 2. |
|
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations |
INDEX
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Introduction |
|
|
45 |
|
|
Consolidated Results
of Operations |
|
|
48 |
|
|
Critical Accounting
Estimates |
|
|
52 |
|
|
Segment
Reporting |
|
|
|
|
|
Health
Care |
|
|
53 |
|
|
Disability and
Life |
|
|
57 |
|
|
International |
|
|
59 |
|
|
Run-off
Reinsurance |
|
|
61 |
|
|
Other
Operations |
|
|
63 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
64 |
|
|
Discontinued
Operations |
|
|
64 |
|
|
Industry
Developments |
|
|
65 |
|
|
Liquidity and
Capital Resources |
|
|
66 |
|
|
Investment
Assets |
|
|
70 |
|
|
Market
Risk |
|
|
75 |
|
|
Cautionary
Statement |
|
|
76 |
|
INTRODUCTION
In this filing and in
other marketplace communications, CIGNA Corporation and its subsidiaries (“the
Company”) make certain forward-looking statements relating to the Company’s
financial condition and results of operations, as well as to trends and
assumptions that may affect the Company. Generally, forward-looking statements
can be identified through the use of predictive words (e.g., “Outlook for
2010”). Actual results may differ from the Company’s predictions. Some factors
that could cause results to differ are discussed throughout Management’s
Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”), including in the Cautionary Statement
beginning on page 76. The forward-looking statements contained in this filing
represent management’s current estimate as of the date of this filing.
Management does not assume any obligation to update these estimates.
The following
discussion addresses the financial condition of the Company as of June 30,
2010, compared with December 31, 2009, and its results of operations for
the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 compared with the same periods
last year. This discussion should be read in conjunction with MD&A included
in the Company’s 2009 Form 10-K, to which the reader is directed for additional
information.
The preparation of
interim consolidated financial statements necessarily relies heavily on
estimates. This and certain other factors, such as the seasonal nature of
portions of the health care and related benefits business as well as competitive
and other market conditions, call for caution in estimating full year results
based on interim results of operations.
Certain
reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the
current presentation.
Overview
The Company
constitutes one of the largest investor-owned health service organizations in
the United States. Its subsidiaries are major providers of health care and
related benefits, the majority of which are offered through the workplace. In
addition, the Company has an international operation that offers supplemental
health, life and accident insurance products as well as international health
care products and services to businesses and individuals in selected markets.
The Company also has certain inactive businesses, including a Run-off
Reinsurance segment.
45
Ongoing
Operations
The Company’s ability
to increase revenue, shareholders’ net income and operating cash flow from
ongoing operations is directly related to progress in executing on its strategic
initiatives, the success of which is measured by certain key factors, including
the Company’s ability to:
| • |
|
profitably price products and services at competitive levels that
reflect emerging experience; |
| • |
|
maintain and grow its customer base; |
| • |
|
cross sell its various health and related benefit
products; |
| • |
|
invest available cash at attractive rates of return for appropriate
durations; |
| • |
|
reduce other operating expenses in the Health Care segment;
and |
| • |
|
effectively deploy capital. |
Strategy
As a global health
service organization, CIGNA’s mission remains focused on helping the people it
serves improve their health, well-being and sense of security. CIGNA’s long-term
growth strategy is based on: (1) growth in targeted geographies, product
lines, buying segments and distribution channels; (2) pursuing additional
opportunities in high-growth markets with particular focus on individuals; and
(3) improving its strategic and financial flexibility.
CIGNA expects to focus
on the following areas it believes represent the markets or areas with the most
potential for profitable growth:
| • |
|
In the Health Care segment, the Company is concentrating on:
(1) further enhancing its geographic focus in the middle market in
order to create geographic density; (2) growing the “Select” market, which
generally includes employers with more than 50 but fewer than 250
employees, by leveraging the Company’s customer knowledge, differentiated
service model, product portfolio and distribution model; and
(3) engaging those national account employers who share and will
benefit from the Company’s value proposition of using health advocacy and
employee engagement to increase productivity, performance and the health
outcomes of their employees. |
| • |
|
In the Disability and Life segment, CIGNA’s strategy is to grow its
disability business by fully leveraging the key components of its
industry-leading disability management model to reduce medical costs for
its clients and return their employees to work sooner through:
(1) early claim notification and outreach; (2) a full suite of
clinical and return-to-work resources; and (3) specialized case
management services. |
| • |
|
In the International segment, the Company is targeting growth through:
(1) product and channel expansion in its supplemental health, life and
accident insurance business in key Asian geographies; (2) the
introduction of new expatriate benefits products; and (3) further
geographic expansion. |
The Company plans to
improve its strategic and financial flexibility by driving further reductions in
its Health Care operating expenses, improving its medical cost competitiveness
in targeted markets and effectively managing balance sheet exposures.
In addition, the
Company is focused on improving its strategic and financial flexibility in an
effort to optimize value for its shareholders. The Company is continually
evaluating various strategic options and risk mitigation alternatives related to
the Run-off Reinsurance business including expanding its current hedging program
to cover unhedged equity risks and interest rate risk inherent in our growth
assumptions related to the GMDB and GMIB products.
Also, in connection
with CIGNA’s long-term business strategy, the Company remains committed to
health advocacy as a means of creating sustainable solutions for employers,
improving the health of the individuals that the Company serves, and lowering
the costs of health care for all constituencies.
Health Care
Reform
In the first quarter
of 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, including the
Reconciliation Act of 2010, (collectively, “the Act”) was signed into law. The
Act mandates broad changes in the delivery of health care benefits that may
impact the Company’s current business model, including its relationship with
current and future customers, producers and health care providers, products,
services, processes and technology. The Act includes provisions for mandatory
coverage of benefits and a minimum medical loss ratio, eliminates lifetime and
annual benefit limits and creates health insurance exchanges. These provisions
are expected to take effect over the next several years from 2010 to 2018 and
several have yet to be finalized. Given the broad scope of these changes, many
of which have yet to be finalized, it is possible that the effects of the Act
could have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations. The Company
is evaluating potential business opportunities resulting from the Act that will
enable it to leverage the strengths and capabilities of its broad health and
wellness portfolio.
46
The Act will require
that health services companies such as CIGNA and others in the healthcare
industry help fund the additional insurance benefits and coverages provided from
this legislation through the assessment of fees and excise taxes. The amount
which the Company will be required to pay starting in 2014 for these fees and
excise taxes will result in charges to the Company’s financial statements in
future periods. In addition, since these fees and excise taxes will not be tax
deductible, the Company’s effective tax rate is expected to increase in future
periods. However, the Company is unable to estimate the amount of these fees and
excise taxes or the increase in the effective tax rate because guidance for
their calculation has not been finalized.
The Act also changes
certain tax laws which affect the Company’s 2010 financial statements. Although
these provisions do not become effective until 2013, they are expected to limit
the tax deductibility of certain future retiree benefit and compensation-related
payments. The Company recorded after-tax charges of approximately
$1 million for the three months ended and $6 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2010 related to these changes. The Company expects to
record additional after-tax charges of approximately $4 million for the
balance of the year with respect to the known effects of the tax provisions, but
will continue to evaluate their impact as further guidance is made available.
Management is
currently unable to estimate the ultimate impact of the Act on the Company’s
results of operations, and its financial condition and liquidity due to
the uncertainties of interpretation, implementation and timing of the many
provisions of the Act. It is possible, however, that this impact could be
material to results of operations. Management is closely monitoring this
legislation and has formed a task force to implement and report on the Company’s
compliance with the Act, to actively engage with regulators to assist with the
conversion of legislation to regulation and to assess potential opportunities
arising from the Act.
Run-off
Operations
Effectively managing
the various exposures of its run-off operations is important to the Company’s
ongoing profitability, operating cash flows and available capital. The results
are influenced by a range of economic factors, especially movements in equity
markets and interest rates. In order to substantially reduce the impact of
equity market movements on the liability for guaranteed minimum death benefits
(“GMDB”, also known as “VADBe”), the Company operates an equity hedge program.
The Company actively monitors the performance of the hedge program, and
evaluates the cost/benefit of hedging other risks. Results are also influenced
by behavioral factors, including future partial surrender election rates for
GMDB contracts, annuity election rates for guaranteed minimum income benefits
(“GMIB”) contracts, annuitant lapse rates, as well as the collection of amounts
recoverable from retrocessionaires. The Company actively studies policyholder
behavior experience and adjusts future expectations based on the results of the
studies, as warranted. The Company also performs regular audits of ceding
companies to ensure that premiums received and claims paid properly reflect the
underlying risks, and to maximize the probability of subsequent collection of
claims from retrocessionaires. Finally, the Company monitors the financial
strength and credit standing of its retrocessionaires and requests or collects
collateral when warranted.
Summary
The Company’s overall
results are influenced by a range of economic and other factors, especially:
| • |
|
cost trends and inflation for medical and related
services; |
| • |
|
utilization patterns of medical and other
services; |
| • |
|
the tort liability system; |
| • |
|
developments in the political environment both domestically and
internationally; |
| • |
|
interest rates, equity market returns, foreign currency fluctuations
and credit market volatility, including the availability and cost of
credit in the future; and |
| • |
|
federal, state and international regulation, including the
implementation of U.S. health care reform. |
The Company regularly
monitors the trends impacting operating results from the above mentioned key
factors and economic and other factors affecting its operations. The Company
develops strategic and tactical plans designed to improve performance and
maximize its competitive position in the markets it serves. The Company’s
ability to achieve its financial objectives is dependent upon its ability to
effectively execute on these plans and to appropriately respond to emerging
economic and company-specific trends.
47
CONSOLIDATED
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Company measures
the financial results of its segments using “segment earnings (loss)”, which is
defined as shareholders’ income (loss) from continuing operations before
after-tax realized investment results. Adjusted income from operations is
defined as consolidated segment earnings (loss) excluding special items
(defined below) and the results of the GMIB business. Adjusted income from
operations is another measure of profitability used by the Company’s management
because it presents the underlying results of operations of the Company’s
businesses and permits analysis of trends in underlying revenue, expenses and
shareholders’ net income. This measure is not determined in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and
should not be viewed as a substitute for the most directly comparable GAAP
measure, which is shareholders’ income from continuing operations.
Summarized below is a
reconciliation between shareholders’ income from continuing operations and
adjusted income from operations.
FINANCIAL
SUMMARY
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Premiums and
fees |
|
$ |
4,504 |
|
|
$ |
4,013 |
|
|
$ |
9,047 |
|
|
$ |
8,064 |
|
|
Net investment
income |
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
549 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
Mail order pharmacy
revenues |
|
|
351 |
|
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
628 |
|
|
Other revenues |
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
(83 |
) |
|
|
247 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
Total realized
investment gains (losses) |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues |
|
|
5,353 |
|
|
|
4,488 |
|
|
|
10,558 |
|
|
|
9,261 |
|
|
Benefits and
expenses |
|
|
4,914 |
|
|
|
3,858 |
|
|
|
9,697 |
|
|
|
8,358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing
operations before taxes |
|
|
439 |
|
|
|
630 |
|
|
|
861 |
|
|
|
903 |
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
282 |
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing
operations |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
435 |
|
|
|
579 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
Less: Net income
attributable to noncontrolling interest |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations |
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
435 |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
642 |
|
|
Less: realized
investment gains (losses), net of taxes |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
earnings |
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
444 |
|
|
|
566 |
|
|
|
675 |
|
|
Less adjustments to
reconcile to adjusted income from operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Results of GMIB
business (after-tax) |
|
|
(104 |
) |
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
133 |
|
|
Special items
(after-tax): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Curtailment gain (See
Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
Cost reduction charge
(See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
Completion of IRS
examination (See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted income from
operations |
|
$ |
384 |
|
|
$ |
313 |
|
|
$ |
665 |
|
|
$ |
501 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summarized below is
adjusted income from operations by segment:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Adjusted Income
(Loss) From Operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health Care |
|
$ |
247 |
|
|
$ |
177 |
|
|
$ |
414 |
|
|
$ |
331 |
|
|
Disability and
Life |
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
148 |
|
|
International |
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
Run-off
Reinsurance |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
Other
Operations |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
Corporate |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
(86 |
) |
|
|
(74 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
384 |
|
|
$ |
313 |
|
|
$ |
665 |
|
|
$ |
501 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48
Overview of
June 30, 2010 Consolidated Results of Operations
Three Months
Ended June 30, 2010 Compared with Three Months Ended June 30,
2009
Adjusted income from
operations increased for the three months ended June 30, 2010 compared to
the same period in 2009, due to higher earnings in the Health Care segment as
well as continued strong results from the Disability and Life and International
segments. See the individual segment sections of this MD&A for further
discussion.
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations decreased for the three months ended June 30,
2010 compared with the same period in 2009 due to a loss in the GMIB business in
2010 compared to a gain in 2009 as well as the absence in 2010 of a pension
curtailment gain that was recognized in 2009. See the Run-off Reinsurance
section of this MD&A beginning on page 61 for further discussion about the
GMIB business. These effects were partially offset by higher adjusted income
from operations as discussed above.
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2010 Compared with Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
Adjusted income from
operations increased for the six months ended June 30, 2010 compared to the
same period in 2009, primarily reflecting strong earnings growth in the ongoing
business segments (Health Care, Disability and Life and International) as well
as improved results in the Run-off Reinsurance segment primarily due to the
absence of a charge in the first quarter of 2009 related to the GMDB business.
Shareholders’ income
from continuing operations decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2010
compared with the same period in 2009 due to a loss in the GMIB business in 2010
compared to a gain in 2009 as well as the absence in 2010 of a pension
curtailment gain and a benefit from the completion of an IRS examination
recognized in 2009. See the “Special Items and GMIB” section below for further
description of these special items. These effects were partially offset by
higher adjusted income from operations as discussed above.
Special Items
and GMIB
Management does not
believe that the special items noted in the table above are representative of
the Company’s underlying results of operations. Accordingly, the Company
excluded these special items from adjusted income from operations in order to
facilitate an understanding and comparison of results of operations and permit
analysis of trends in underlying revenue, expenses and shareholders’ income from
continuing operations.
There were no special
items for the three or six months ended June 30, 2010.
The special items for
the three months ended June 30, 2009 reflect the benefit associated with
the pension curtailment and charges related to cost reduction actions. The
special items for the six months ended June 30, 2009 reflect benefits for
the pension curtailment and completion of the 2005 and 2006 IRS examination and
charges related to cost reduction actions. See Notes 5, 12 and 15 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company also
excludes the results of the GMIB business from adjusted income from operations
because the fair value of GMIB assets and liabilities must be recalculated each
quarter using updated capital market assumptions. The resulting changes in fair
value, which are reported in shareholders’ net income, are volatile and
unpredictable. See the Critical Accounting Estimates section of the MD&A
beginning on page 55 of the Company’s 2009 Form 10-K for more information on the
effect of capital market assumption changes on shareholders’ net income. Because
of this volatility, and since the GMIB business is in run-off, management does
not believe that its results are meaningful in assessing underlying results of
operations.
49
Outlook for 2010
The Company expects
2010 adjusted income from operations to be higher than 2009. Information is not
available for management to reasonably estimate the future results of the GMIB
business or realized investment results due in part to interest rate and stock
market volatility and other internal and external factors. This outlook reflects
approximately break-even results for GMDB (also known as “VADBe”) for full-year
2010. This assumes that actual experience, including capital markets
performance, will be consistent with long term reserve assumptions. However, if
the current environment of sustained equity market volatility and low levels of
interest rates persists, the Company may increase reserves, which could result
in losses in the second half of 2010 for GMDB. See Note 6 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements and the Critical Accounting Estimates section on page 56 of
the MD&A of the Company’s 2009 Form 10-K for more information on the effect
of capital market assumption changes on shareholders’ net income. In addition,
the Company is not able to identify or reasonably estimate the financial impact
of special items in 2010; however they may include potential adjustments
associated with cost reduction, litigation, and tax-related items.
This outlook reflects
the Company’s best estimate of the impacts of Health Care Reform (“the Act”, see
the Introduction section of this MD&A beginning on page 45) on its 2010
results of operations subject to the factors cited in the Cautionary Statement
beginning on page 76 of the MD&A. If unfavorable equity market and interest
rate movements occur, the Company could experience losses related to investment
impairments and the GMIB and GMDB businesses. These losses could adversely
impact the Company’s consolidated results of operations and financial condition
by potentially reducing the capital of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries and
reducing their dividend-paying capabilities.
Revenues
Total revenues
increased by 19% for the three months and 14% for the six months ended
June 30, 2010, compared with the same periods in 2009. Changes in the
components of total revenue are described more fully below.
Premiums and
Fees
Premiums and fees
increased by 12% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, compared
with the same periods in 2009, primarily reflecting membership growth in the
Health Care segment’s risk businesses as well as growth in the International
segment.
Net Investment
Income
Net investment income
increased by 9% for the three months and 12% for the six months ended June 30,
2010, compared with the same periods in 2009, primarily reflecting higher assets
due to business growth and improved results from security partnerships and real
estate investments.
Mail Order
Pharmacy Revenues
Mail order pharmacy
revenues increased by 11% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010,
compared with the same periods in 2009, primarily reflecting increases in volume
and price.
Other
Revenues
Other revenues
included the impact of the futures contracts associated with the GMDB equity
hedge program. Losses on futures contracts reflect stock market gains, whereas
gains reflect stock market losses. The Company reported gains of
$92 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010 compared to
losses of $188 million in the same period of 2009 associated with the GMDB
equity hedge program. The Company recorded gains of $47 million for the six
months ended June 30, 2010 compared to losses of $71 million for the
same period in 2009 associated with the GMDB equity hedge program. Excluding the
impact of these futures contracts, other revenues decreased slightly for the
three and six months ended June 30, 2010 compared with the same periods in
2009 reflecting lower other revenues in the Health Care segment.
50
Realized
Investment Results
Realized investment
results improved for the three months ended June 30, 2010, compared with
the same period in 2009 primarily due to:
| • |
|
the absence in 2010 of impairments on real estate funds and fixed
maturities recorded in 2009; |
| • |
|
prepayment fees on fixed maturities received in 2010 as a result of
debt restructurings; and |
| • |
|
gain on the sale of a real estate joint venture in
2010. |
These favorable
effects were partially offset by decreases in the value of hybrid securities in
2010, compared with increases in 2009. Changes in the fair value of hybrid
securities are reported in realized investment results. In addition, the Company
recorded commercial mortgage loan impairments in 2010 compared with none in
2009.
Realized investment
results improved for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared with the
same period in 2009 primarily due to:
| • |
|
lower impairments on real estate funds and fixed maturities in
2010; |
| • |
|
prepayment fees on fixed maturities received in 2010 as a result of
debt restructurings; |
| • |
|
higher gains on sales of fixed maturities;
and |
| • |
|
gains on sale of a real estate joint venture and other investments in
2010. |
These favorable
effects were partially offset by commercial mortgage loan impairments recorded
in 2010, reflecting the continued weakness in the commercial real estate
markets, compared with none in 2009.
See Note 8 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
51
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING
ESTIMATES
The preparation of
consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to
make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts and related
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Management considers an
accounting estimate to be critical if:
| • |
|
it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the
estimate was made; and |
| • |
|
changes in the estimate or different estimates that could have been
selected could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated
results of operations or financial condition. |
Management has
discussed the development and selection of its critical accounting estimates
with the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors and the Audit
Committee has reviewed the disclosures presented below.
The Company’s most
critical accounting estimates, as well as the effects of hypothetical changes in
material assumptions used to develop each estimate, are described in the
Company’s 2009 Form 10-K beginning on page 55 and are as follows:
| • |
|
future policy benefits — guaranteed minimum death
benefits; |
| • |
|
Health Care medical claims payable; |
| • |
|
accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities, and other
assets — guaranteed minimum income benefits; |
| • |
|
reinsurance recoverables for Run-off
Reinsurance; |
| • |
|
accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities — pension
liabilities; |
| • |
|
investments — fixed maturities; and |
| • |
|
investments — commercial mortgage loans — valuation
reserves. |
The Company regularly
evaluates items which may impact critical accounting estimates. As of June 30,
2010, there are no significant changes to the critical accounting estimates from
what was reported in the Company’s 2009 Form 10-K.
Summary
There are other
accounting estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s Consolidated
Financial Statements, including estimates of liabilities for future policy
benefits other than those identified above, as well as estimates with respect to
goodwill, unpaid claims and claim expenses, post-employment and postretirement
benefits other than pensions, certain compensation accruals and income taxes.
Management believes
the current assumptions used to estimate amounts reflected in the Company’s
Consolidated Financial Statements are appropriate. However, if actual experience
differs from the assumptions used in estimating amounts reflected in the
Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements, the resulting changes could have a
material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and
in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on liquidity and the
Company’s financial condition.
SEGMENT
REPORTING
Operating segments
generally reflect groups of related products, but the International segment is
generally based on geography. The Company measures the financial results of its
segments using “segment earnings (loss),” which is defined as shareholders’
income (loss) from continuing operations excluding after-tax realized
investment gains and losses. “Adjusted income from operations” for each segment
is defined as segment earnings excluding special items and the results of the
Company’s GMIB business. Adjusted income from operations is another measure of
profitability used by the Company’s management because it presents the
underlying results of operations of the segment and permits analysis of trends.
This measure is not determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be viewed
as a substitute for the most directly comparable GAAP measure, which is segment
earnings. Each segment provides a reconciliation between segment earnings and
adjusted income from operations.
Beginning in 2010, the
Company began reporting the expense associated with its frozen pension plans in
Corporate. Prior periods were not restated; the effect on prior periods is not
material.
52
Health Care
Segment
Segment
Description
The Health Care
segment includes medical, dental, behavioral health, prescription drug and other
products and services that may be integrated to provide consumers with
comprehensive health care solutions. This segment also includes group disability
and life insurance products that were historically sold in connection with
certain experience-rated medical products. These products and services are
offered through a variety of funding arrangements such as guaranteed cost,
retrospectively experience-rated and administrative services only arrangements.
The Company measures
the operating effectiveness of the Health Care segment using the following key
factors:
| • |
|
segment earnings and adjusted income from
operations; |
| • |
|
sales of specialty products to core medical
customers; |
| • |
|
changes in operating expenses per member;
and |
| • |
|
medical expense as a percentage of premiums (medical care ratio) in
the guaranteed cost business. |
Results of
Operations
FINANCIAL
SUMMARY
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Premiums and
fees |
|
$ |
3,276 |
|
|
$ |
2,855 |
|
|
$ |
6,595 |
|
|
$ |
5,766 |
|
|
Net investment
income |
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
Mail order pharmacy
revenues |
|
|
351 |
|
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
628 |
|
|
Other revenues |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
129 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
revenues |
|
|
3,756 |
|
|
|
3,286 |
|
|
|
7,541 |
|
|
|
6,609 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mail order pharmacy
cost of goods sold |
|
|
290 |
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
575 |
|
|
|
507 |
|
|
Benefits and other
expenses |
|
|
3,082 |
|
|
|
2,729 |
|
|
|
6,322 |
|
|
|
5,562 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits and
expenses |
|
|
3,372 |
|
|
|
2,984 |
|
|
|
6,897 |
|
|
|
6,069 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before
taxes |
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
302 |
|
|
|
644 |
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
137 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
earnings |
|
|
247 |
|
|
|
194 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
|
349 |
|
|
Less special items
(after-tax) included in segment earnings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Curtailment gain (See
Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
Cost reduction charge
(See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
Completion of IRS
examination (See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted income from
operations |
|
$ |
247 |
|
|
$ |
177 |
|
|
$ |
414 |
|
|
$ |
331 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized investment
gains (losses), net of taxes |
|
$ |
8 |
|
|
$ |
(11 |
) |
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
(16 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53
The Health Care
segment’s adjusted income from operations for the three months ended
June 30, 2010 increased by 40%, compared with the same period in 2009
primarily due to:
| • |
|
increased membership in risk businesses, as well as higher specialty
earnings; |
| • |
|
a lower guaranteed cost medical care ratio and higher experience-rated
margins driven by favorable prior year and first quarter 2010 claim
development due, in part, to lower fourth quarter utilization benefiting
from fewer large dollar claims. In addition, results reflect favorable
H1N1 claim experience, as well as the impact of a change in business mix
resulting from significant growth in high deductible plans, which
generally experience lower dollar value of claims in the first half of the
year followed by higher dollar value of claims in the second half of the
year; and |
| • |
|
higher net investment income due to higher assets driven by membership
growth and improved real estate and security partnership
income. |
These favorable
effects were partially offset by a higher medical care ratio in stop loss
products due to unfavorable claim experience.
The Health Care
segment’s adjusted income from operations for the six months ended June 30,
2010 increased by 25%, compared with the same period in 2009 primarily due to:
| • |
|
increased membership in risk businesses, as well as higher specialty
earnings; |
| • |
|
a lower guaranteed cost medical care ratio and higher experience-rated
margins driven by favorable prior year claim development due, in part, to
lower fourth quarter utilization benefiting from fewer large dollar
claims. In addition, results reflect the impact of a change in business
mix resulting from significant growth in high deductible plans, which
generally experience lower dollar value of claims in the first half of the
year followed by higher dollar value of claims in the second half of the
year; and |
| • |
|
higher net investment income due to higher assets driven by membership
growth and improved real estate and security partnership income, as well
as higher underlying yields. |
These favorable
effects were partially offset by a higher medical care ratio in stop loss
products due to unfavorable claim experience.
54
Revenues
The table below shows
premiums and fees for the Health Care segment:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Medical: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guaranteed cost (1),(2) |
|
$ |
955 |
|
|
$ |
844 |
|
|
$ |
1,883 |
|
|
$ |
1,701 |
|
|
Experience-rated(2),(3) |
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
426 |
|
|
|
910 |
|
|
|
858 |
|
|
Stop loss |
|
|
321 |
|
|
|
320 |
|
|
|
642 |
|
|
|
653 |
|
|
Dental |
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
|
371 |
|
|
Medicare |
|
|
371 |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
733 |
|
|
|
291 |
|
|
Medicare Part
D |
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
316 |
|
|
|
202 |
|
|
Other (4) |
|
|
133 |
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
271 |
|
|
|
258 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total medical |
|
|
2,551 |
|
|
|
2,147 |
|
|
|
5,153 |
|
|
|
4,334 |
|
|
Life and other
non-medical |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total premiums |
|
|
2,580 |
|
|
|
2,193 |
|
|
|
5,215 |
|
|
|
4,430 |
|
|
Fees(2),(5) |
|
|
696 |
|
|
|
662 |
|
|
|
1,380 |
|
|
|
1,336 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total premiums and
fees |
|
$ |
3,276 |
|
|
$ |
2,855 |
|
|
$ |
6,595 |
|
|
$ |
5,766 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Includes guaranteed cost premiums primarily associated with open
access, commercial HMO and voluntary/limited benefits, as well as other
risk-related products. |
| |
| (2) |
|
Premiums and/or fees associated with certain specialty products are
also included. |
| |
| (3) |
|
Includes minimum premium members who have a risk profile similar to
experience-rated funding arrangements. The risk portion of minimum premium
revenue is reported in experience-rated medical premium whereas the self
funding portion of minimum premium revenue is recorded in fees. Also,
includes certain non-participating cases for which special customer level
reporting of experience is required. |
| |
| (4) |
|
Other medical premiums include risk revenue for specialty
products. |
| |
| (5) |
|
Represents administrative service fees for medical members and
related specialty product fees for non-medical members as well as fees
related to Medicare Part D of $12 million for the three months and
$22 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 and $9
million for three months and $17 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2009. |
Premiums and
fees increased by 15% for the three months and 14% for the six months
ended June 30, 2010 compared with the same periods of 2009 primarily reflecting
membership growth in most products, predominantly in Medicare and guaranteed
cost products, as well as rate increases, partially offset by lower service
membership. The membership growth was driven by strong retention and new sales
in targeted market segments. These increases also reflect the Company’s efforts
to enhance customer access, improve the quality of care and provide products and
services on a cost effective basis.
Net investment
income increased by 39% for the three months and 48% for the six months
ended June 30, 2010 compared with the same periods of 2009 reflecting higher
assets driven by membership growth, as well as improved real estate and security
partnership income. In addition, the year-to-date results reflect higher
underlying yields.
Other revenues
for the Health Care segment consist of revenues earned on direct channel
sales of certain specialty products, including behavioral health and disease
management.
55
Benefits and
Expenses
Health Care segment
benefits and expenses consist of the following:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Medical claims
expense |
|
$ |
2,078 |
|
|
$ |
1,748 |
|
|
$ |
4,287 |
|
|
$ |
3,528 |
|
|
Other benefit
expenses |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
Mail order pharmacy
cost of goods sold |
|
|
290 |
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
575 |
|
|
|
507 |
|
|
Other operating
expenses excluding special item(s) |
|
|
975 |
|
|
|
969 |
|
|
|
1,978 |
|
|
|
1,974 |
|
|
Special item(s) (1) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total benefits and
expenses |
|
$ |
3,372 |
|
|
$ |
2,984 |
|
|
$ |
6,897 |
|
|
$ |
6,069 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Pre-tax special items of $26 million for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2009 included a $39 million curtailment
gain associated with the freeze of the Company’s pension plan, partially
offset by a $13 million cost reduction charge. For further discussion
of special items, see the “Consolidated Results of Operations” section of
this MD&A beginning on page 48. |
Medical claims
expense increased by 19% for the three months and 22% for the six months
ended June 30, 2010 compared with the same periods in 2009 largely due to
higher medical membership, particularly in the Medicare Private Fee For Service
(“Medicare PFFS”) which resulted in an increase of approximately
$200 million for the three months ended and approximately $405 million
for the six months ended June 30, 2010 compared with the same periods last
year. The increases also reflect higher membership in the commercial risk
business as well as increases in medical cost inflation.
Other operating
expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 were
higher than the same periods in 2009 primarily reflecting the impact of
membership growth in risk products, largely offset by the effect of cost
reduction initiatives including pension plan changes and staffing reductions, as
well as lower amortization expenses.
Other Items
Affecting Health Care Results
Health Care Medical
Claims Payable
Medical claims payable
increased $347 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 largely
driven by medical membership growth, particularly in the Medicare PFFS and
commercial risk business as noted above, reflecting new business growth, as well
as seasonality in the Stop Loss products (see Note 4 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for additional information).
Medical
Membership
The Health Care
segment’s medical membership includes any individual for whom the Company
retains medical underwriting risk, who uses the Company’s network for services
covered under their medical coverage or for whom the Company administers medical
claims. As of June 30, estimated medical membership was as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (In
thousands) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Guaranteed cost (1) |
|
|
1,113 |
|
|
|
992 |
|
|
Experience-rated (2) |
|
|
826 |
|
|
|
773 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total commercial
risk |
|
|
1,939 |
|
|
|
1,765 |
|
|
Medicare |
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total risk |
|
|
2,086 |
|
|
|
1,814 |
|
|
Service |
|
|
9,279 |
|
|
|
9,375 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total medical
membership |
|
|
11,365 |
|
|
|
11,189 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
| (1) |
|
Includes members primarily associated with open access, commercial
HMO and voluntary/limited benefits as well as other risk-related
products. |
| |
| (2) |
|
Includes minimum premium members, who have a risk profile similar
to experience-rated members. Also, includes certain non-participating
cases for which special customer level reporting of experience is
required. |
56
The Company’s overall
medical membership as of June 30, 2010 increased 2% when compared with
June 30, 2009, primarily driven by significant new business sales and
improved persistency in the risk businesses, offset by a decline in service
membership largely reflecting disenrollment after June 30, 2009.
Disability and
Life Segment
Segment
Description
The Disability and
Life segment includes group disability, life, accident and specialty insurance
and case management services for disability and workers’ compensation.
Key factors for this
segment are:
| • |
|
premium and fee growth, including new business and customer
retention; |
| • |
|
benefits expense as a percentage of earned premium (loss ratio);
and |
| • |
|
other operating expense as a percentage of earned premiums and fees
(expense ratio). |
Results of
Operations
FINANCIAL
SUMMARY
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Premiums and
fees |
|
$ |
650 |
|
|
$ |
661 |
|
|
$ |
1,311 |
|
|
$ |
1,333 |
|
|
Net investment
income |
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
Other revenues |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
revenues |
|
|
745 |
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
1,508 |
|
|
Benefits and
expenses |
|
|
618 |
|
|
|
618 |
|
|
|
1,274 |
|
|
|
1,296 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before
taxes |
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
225 |
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
earnings |
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
Less special items
(after-tax) included in segment earnings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Curtailment gain (See
Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
Cost reduction charge
(See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
Completion of IRS
examination (See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted income from
operations |
|
$ |
89 |
|
|
$ |
90 |
|
|
$ |
159 |
|
|
$ |
148 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized investment
gains (losses), net of taxes |
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
3 |
|
|
$ |
3 |
|
|
$ |
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment adjusted
income from operations for the three months ended June 30, 2010 are in line
with the same period in 2009 reflecting:
| |
• |
|
continued strong disability claims
management; |
| |
• |
|
higher net investment income; and |
| |
• |
|
favorable life claims experience. |
These favorable
impacts were offset by life and accident claims associated with the Gulf of
Mexico oil rig accident ($5 million after-tax) and less favorable accident
claims experience. Disability claim experience in 2010 includes the
$29 million after-tax favorable impact of disability reserve studies as
compared with the $20 million after-tax favorable impact of reserve studies
in 2009. The impact of the reserve studies reflects strong operational
performance from disability claims management.
57
Segment adjusted
income from operations increased 7% for the six months ended June 30, 2010
compared with the same period in 2009 reflecting:
| |
• |
|
continued strong disability claims
management; |
| |
• |
|
favorable accident claims experience; and |
| |
• |
|
higher net investment income. |
These favorable
impacts were partially offset by less favorable life claims experience, the
impact of life and accident claims associated with the Gulf of Mexico oil rig
accident and a slightly higher expense ratio. Results in 2010 include the
$39 million after-tax favorable impact of reserve studies as compared with
the $29 million after-tax favorable impact of reserve studies in 2009.
Revenues
Premiums and
fees declined 2% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010
compared with the same periods of 2009 reflecting the Company’s decision to exit
a large, low margin assumed government life insurance program (a reduction of
$38 million for the three months and $77 million for the six months
ended June 30, 2010) and the sale of the renewal rights to the student and
participant accident business (a reduction of $5 million for the three
months and $11 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010).
Excluding the impact of these two items, premiums and fees increased 5% for the
three and six months ended June 30, 2010 compared to the same periods in
2009 as a result of disability and life sales growth and continued solid
persistency.
Net investment
income increased 10% for the first three months and 11% for the six
months of 2010 compared with the same periods of 2009 due to higher security
partnership income and invested assets.
Benefits and
Expenses
Benefits and expenses
excluding special items for the three months ended June 30, 2010 were level
compared with the same period of 2009, primarily as a result of the Company’s
exit from the government life insurance program and the sale of renewal rights
to the student and participant accident business. Excluding the impact of these
two items, benefits and expenses increased 6%, reflecting disability and life
business growth, less favorable accident claims experience partially offset by
favorable disability and life claims experience. The less favorable accident
claims experience was driven by the impact of the Gulf of Mexico oil rig
accident and slightly higher new claim counts. The favorable disability claims
expenses was due to the $43 million pre-tax favorable impact of reserve
studies as compared to the $29 million favorable pre-tax impact of reserve
studies in 2009, partially offset by higher paid claims. The favorable life
claims experience reflects lower mortality experience.
Benefits and expenses
excluding special items for the six months ended June 30, 2010 declined 2%
compared with the same period of 2009, primarily as a result of the Company’s
exit from the government life insurance program and the sale of renewal rights
to the student and participant accident business. Excluding the impact of those
two items, benefits and expenses increased 5%, reflecting disability and life
business growth, less favorable life claims experience and a higher expense
ratio, partially offset by favorable disability claims experience. The less
favorable life claims experience was primarily driven by higher new claim
counts. The higher operating expense ratio reflects the Company’s strategic
investments in information technology and the claims operations. The favorable
disability claims experience is due to the impact of the reserve studies,
partially offset by higher paid claims. Benefits and expenses in 2010 include
the $58 million pre-tax favorable impact of reserve studies as compared to the
$42 million favorable pre-tax impact of reserve studies in 2009.
58
International
Segment
Segment
Description
The International
segment includes supplemental health, life and accident insurance products and
international health care products and services, including those offered to
expatriate employees of multinational corporations.
The key factors for
this segment are:
| • |
|
premium growth, including new business and customer
retention; |
| • |
|
benefits expense as a percentage of earned premium (loss
ratio); |
| • |
|
operating expense as a percentage of earned premium (expense ratio);
and |
| • |
|
impact of foreign currency movements. |
Results of
Operations
FINANCIAL
SUMMARY
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Premiums and
fees |
|
$ |
542 |
|
|
$ |
462 |
|
|
$ |
1,069 |
|
|
$ |
896 |
|
|
Net investment
income |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
Other revenues |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
revenues |
|
|
570 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
1,123 |
|
|
|
939 |
|
|
Benefits and
expenses |
|
|
479 |
|
|
|
414 |
|
|
|
938 |
|
|
|
804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before
taxes |
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
Income attributable to
noncontrolling interest |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
earnings |
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
Less special items
(after-tax) included in segment earnings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Curtailment gain (See
Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
Completion of IRS
examination (See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted income from
operations |
|
$ |
64 |
|
|
$ |
63 |
|
|
$ |
136 |
|
|
$ |
104 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impact of foreign
currency movements on current period segment earnings |
|
$ |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impact of permanent
investment of overseas earnings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Implementation
effect |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
14 |
|
|
$ |
5 |
|
|
$ |
14 |
|
|
Effect of recording
taxes at the tax rates of respective foreign jurisdictions |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
19 |
|
|
$ |
19 |
|
|
$ |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized investment
gains, net of taxes |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
3 |
|
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59
During the first
quarter of 2010, the Company’s International segment implemented a capital
management strategy to permanently invest the earnings of its Hong Kong
operation overseas. Income taxes for this operation, and the South Korean
operation that implemented a similar strategy in the second quarter of 2009, are
recorded at the tax rate of the respective foreign jurisdiction. Excluding the
impact of these tax adjustments and foreign currency movements (presented in the
table above), the International segment’s adjusted income from operations
increased 23% for the three months and 25% for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 compared with the same periods last year. The increases for
the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, were primarily due to strong
revenue growth and higher persistency in the supplemental health, life and
accident insurance business, particularly in South Korea, as well as favorable
loss ratios and membership growth in the expatriate employee benefits business.
Both businesses continue to deliver competitively strong margins. Throughout
this discussion, the impact of foreign currency movements was calculated by
comparing the reported results to what the results would have been had the
exchange rates remained constant with the prior year’s comparable period
exchange rates.
Revenues
Premiums and
fees. Excluding the effect of foreign currency movements, premiums and
fees were $523 million for the second quarter of 2010, compared with reported
premiums of $462 million for the second quarter of 2009, an increase of
13%, and $1.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared
with reported premiums of $896 million for the same period last year, an
increase of 12%. These increases were primarily attributable to new sales growth
in the supplemental health, life and accident insurance operations, particularly
in South Korea, and rate increases and membership growth in the expatriate
employee benefits business.
Net investment
income increased by 18% for the three months and the six months ended
June 30, 2010, compared with the same periods last year. The increase was
primarily due to favorable foreign currency movements and asset growth,
particularly in South Korea.
Benefits and
Expenses
Excluding the impact
of foreign currency movements, benefits and expenses were $464 million for
the second quarter of 2010, compared with reported benefits and expenses of
$414 million for the second quarter of 2009, an increase of 12% and
$880 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to
reported benefits and expenses of $804 million for the six months ended
June 30, 2009, an increase of 9%. These increases were primarily due to
business growth and higher claims in the supplemental health, life and accident
insurance business, particularly in South Korea.
Loss ratios were flat
for the three months and increased for the six months ended June 30, 2010
in the supplemental health, life and accident insurance business compared to the
same periods last year. In the expatriate benefits business, loss ratios
improved for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to the
same periods last year, reflecting favorable claim experience and rate increases
on renewal business.
Policy acquisition
expenses increased for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010,
reflecting foreign currency movements and business growth partially offset by
lower amortization of deferred acquisition costs associated with higher
persistency in the supplemental health, life and accident insurance business.
Expense ratios
increased for the second quarter of 2010 and were flat for the six months ended
June 30, 2010, compared to the same periods last year. The increase for the
three months ended June 30, 2010, reflects spending related to geographic
and product expansion.
Other Items
Affecting International Results
For the Company’s
International segment, South Korea is the single largest geographic market.
South Korea generated 32% of the segment’s revenues for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2010. South Korea generated 44% of the segment’s earnings
for the second quarter of 2010 and 41% of the segment’s earnings for the six
months ended June 30, 2009. Due to the concentration of business in South
Korea, the International segment is exposed to potential losses resulting from
economic and geopolitical developments in that country, as well as foreign
currency movements affecting the South Korean currency, which could have a
significant impact on the segment’s results and the Company’s consolidated
financial results.
60
Run-off
Reinsurance Segment
Segment
Description
The Company’s
reinsurance operations were discontinued and are now an inactive business in
run-off mode since the sale of the U.S. individual life, group life and
accidental death reinsurance business in 2000. This segment is predominantly
comprised of guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”, also known as “VADBe”),
guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”), workers’ compensation and personal
accident reinsurance products.
The determination of
liabilities for GMDB and GMIB requires the Company to make assumptions and
critical accounting estimates. The Company describes the assumptions used to
develop the reserves for GMDB in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements
and for the assets and liabilities associated with GMIB in Note 7 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company also provides the effects of
hypothetical changes in assumptions in the Critical Accounting Estimates section
of the MD&A beginning on page 55 of the Company’s 2009 Form 10-K.
The Company excludes
the results of the GMIB business from adjusted income from operations because
the fair value of GMIB assets and liabilities must be recalculated each quarter
using updated capital market assumptions. The resulting changes in fair value,
which are reported in shareholders’ net income, are volatile and unpredictable.
Results of
Operations
FINANCIAL
SUMMARY
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Premiums and
fees |
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
6 |
|
|
$ |
14 |
|
|
$ |
12 |
|
|
Net investment
income |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
Other revenues |
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
(189 |
) |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
(74 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
revenues |
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
(149 |
) |
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
Benefits and
expenses |
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
(321 |
) |
|
|
268 |
|
|
|
(136 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
(loss) before income taxes |
|
|
(159 |
) |
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
(152 |
) |
|
|
132 |
|
|
Income taxes
(benefits) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment earnings
(loss) |
|
|
(104 |
) |
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
86 |
|
|
Less: results of GMIB
business |
|
|
(104 |
) |
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
133 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted income
(loss) from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
|
$ |
(47 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized investment
gains (losses), net of taxes |
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
(3 |
) |
|
$ |
1 |
|
|
$ |
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment results for
the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 reflect significant losses for
the GMIB business (presented in the table above) compared with significant
earnings for the GMIB business for the same periods last year. Excluding the
results of the GMIB business and the charge taken to strengthen GMDB reserves in
the six months ended June 30, 2009, results were essentially break-even for
all periods presented.
See the Benefits and
Expenses section for further discussion around the results of the GMIB and GMDB
businesses.
Other Revenues
Other revenues
included pre-tax gains of $92 million for the three months and
$47 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010 from futures
contracts used in the GMDB equity hedge program (see Note 6 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements), compared with losses of $188 million for the three
months and $71 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009. Amounts
reflecting corresponding changes in liabilities for GMDB contracts were included
in benefits and expenses consistent with GAAP when a premium deficiency exists
(see below “Other Benefits and Expenses”). The Company held futures contract
positions related to this program with a notional amount of $1.2 billion at
June 30, 2010.
61
Benefits and
Expenses
Benefits and expenses
were comprised of the following:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
GMIB fair value
(gain) loss |
|
$ |
164 |
|
|
$ |
(164 |
) |
|
$ |
160 |
|
|
$ |
(196 |
) |
|
Other benefits and
expenses |
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
(157 |
) |
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits and
expenses |
|
$ |
285 |
|
|
$ |
(321 |
) |
|
$ |
268 |
|
|
$ |
(136 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GMIB fair value
(gain) loss. Under the GAAP guidance for fair value measurements,
the Company’s results of operations are expected to be volatile in future
periods because capital market assumptions needed to estimate the assets and
liabilities for the GMIB business are based largely on market-observable inputs
at the close of each reporting period including interest rates (LIBOR swap
curve) and market-implied volatilities. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for additional information about assumptions and asset and liability
balances related to GMIB.
GMIB fair value losses
of $164 million for the three months ended June 30, 2010, and
$160 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, were primarily
due to declining interest rates and decreases in underlying account values that
occurred during the second quarter of 2010.
GMIB fair value gains
of $164 million for the three months ended June 30, 2009, and
$196 million and for the six months ended June 30, 2009, were
primarily a result of increases in interest rates and underlying account values
during the second quarter of 2009, partially offset by increases to the
annuitization assumption and for the six months ended June 30, 2009,
updates to the lapse assumption.
The GMIB liabilities
and related assets are calculated using a complex internal model and assumptions
from the viewpoint of a hypothetical market participant. This resulting
liability (and related asset) is higher than the Company believes will
ultimately be required to settle claims primarily because market-observable
interest rates are used to project growth in account values of the underlying
mutual funds to estimate fair value from the viewpoint of a hypothetical market
participant. The Company’s payments for GMIB claims are expected to occur over
the next 15 to 20 years and will be based on actual values of the underlying
mutual funds and the 7-year Treasury rate at the dates benefits are elected.
Management does not believe that current market-observable interest rates
reflect actual growth expected for the underlying mutual funds over that
timeframe, and therefore believes that the recorded liability and related asset
do not represent what management believes will ultimately be required as this
business runs off.
However, significant
declines in mutual fund values that underlie the contracts (increasing the
exposure to the Company) together with declines in the 7-year Treasury rates
(used to determine claim payments) similar to what occurred periodically during
the last few years would increase the expected amount of claims that would be
paid out for contractholders who choose to annuitize. It is also possible that
such unfavorable market conditions would have an impact on the level of
contractholder annuitizations, particularly if such unfavorable market
conditions persisted for an extended period.
Other Benefits
and Expenses. Other benefits and expenses reflected expense for the
three months and six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to income for the
three months and expense for the six months ended June 30, 2009. These
fluctuations reflect the impacts of changes in equity markets on the Company’s
liabilities for guaranteed minimum death benefit contracts. Equity market
declines during the second quarter 2010 decreased the underlying annuity account
values, which increased the exposure under the contracts and related benefits
expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010. Equity market
improvements during the second quarter of 2009 increased the underlying annuity
account values, which decreased the exposure under the contracts and related
benefits expense. For the six months ended June 30, 2009, this activity was
partially offset by the impacts of equity market declines during the first
quarter of 2009, in addition to a pre-tax charge of $73 million to strengthen
GMDB reserves (see below). These changes in benefits expense are partially
offset by futures gains and losses, discussed in Other Revenues above.
For the three and six
months ended June 30, 2010, no reserve strengthening for GMDB reserves was
required. In the first quarter of 2009, the Company recorded additional other
benefits and expenses of $73 million ($47 million after-tax) to
strengthen GMDB reserves. The amounts were primarily due to an increase in the
provision for future partial surrenders due to overall market declines, adverse
volatility-related impacts due to turbulent equity market conditions and adverse
interest rate impacts.
62
See Note 6 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about assumptions
and reserve balances related to GMDB.
Segment Summary
The Company’s payment
obligations for underlying reinsurance exposures assumed by the Company under
these contracts are based on ceding companies’ claim payments. For GMDB and
GMIB, claim payments vary because of changes in equity markets and interest
rates, as well as mortality and policyholder behavior. For workers’ compensation
and personal accident, the claim payments relate to accidents and injuries. Any
of these claim payments can extend many years into the future, and the amount of
the ceding companies’ ultimate claims, and therefore the amount of the Company’s
ultimate payment obligations and corresponding ultimate collection from its
retrocessionaires may not be known with certainty for some time.
The Company’s reserves
for underlying reinsurance exposures assumed by the Company, as well as for
amounts recoverable from retrocessionaires, are considered appropriate as of
June 30, 2010, based on current information. However, it is possible that
future developments, which could include but are not limited to worse than
expected claim experience and higher than expected volatility, could have a
material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations and
could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition. The
Company bears the risk of loss if its payment obligations to cedents increase or
if its retrocessionaires are unable to meet, or successfully challenge, their
reinsurance obligations to the Company.
Other Operations
Segment
Segment
Description
Other Operations
consist of:
| • |
|
non-leveraged and leveraged corporate-owned life insurance
(“COLI”); |
| • |
|
deferred gains recognized from the 1998 sale of the individual life
insurance and annuity business and the 2004 sale of the retirement
benefits business; and |
| • |
|
run-off settlement annuity business. |
Results of
Operations
FINANCIAL
SUMMARY
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Premiums and
fees |
|
$ |
30 |
|
|
$ |
29 |
|
|
$ |
58 |
|
|
$ |
57 |
|
|
Net investment
income |
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
Other revenues |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
revenues |
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
148 |
|
|
|
293 |
|
|
|
290 |
|
|
Benefits and
expenses |
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before
taxes |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Segment
earnings |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
Less special item
(after-tax) included in segment earnings: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Completion of IRS
examination (See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted income from
operations |
|
$ |
24 |
|
|
$ |
21 |
|
|
$ |
43 |
|
|
$ |
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized investment
gains (losses), net of taxes |
|
$ |
2 |
|
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
$ |
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted income from
operations for Other Operations increased for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2010 compared with the same periods in 2009, reflecting higher
COLI earnings driven by higher investment income and favorable mortality, offset
by a continued decline in deferred gain amortization associated with the sold
businesses.
63
Revenues
Net investment
income. Net investment income increased 2% for the three months
and 3% for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared with the same
periods in 2009, reflecting higher COLI average invested assets and higher
income on partnership investments, offset by lower settlement annuity average
invested assets and yields.
Other
revenues. Other revenues decreased 12% for three months and 9%
for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared with the same periods in 2009
primarily due to lower deferred gain amortization related to the sold retirement
benefits and individual life insurance and annuity businesses. The amount of the
deferred gain amortization recorded was $6 million in the three months and
$12 million in the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to
$8 million in the three months and $16 million in the six months ended
June 30, 2009.
Corporate
Description
Corporate reflects
amounts not allocated to segments, such as net interest expense (defined as
interest on corporate debt less net investment income on investments not
supporting segment operations), interest on uncertain tax positions, certain
litigation matters, intersegment eliminations, compensation cost for stock
options and certain corporate overhead expenses such as directors’ expenses and,
beginning in 2010, pension expense related to the Company’s frozen pension
plans.
FINANCIAL
SUMMARY
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Segment loss |
|
$ |
(40 |
) |
|
$ |
(40 |
) |
|
$ |
(86 |
) |
|
$ |
(62 |
) |
|
Less special item
(after-tax) included in segment loss: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Completion of IRS
examination (See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements) |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted loss from
operations |
|
$ |
(40 |
) |
|
$ |
(40 |
) |
|
$ |
(86 |
) |
|
$ |
(74 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate’s adjusted
loss from operations was flat for the three months ended June 30, 2010
compared with the same period in 2009 reflecting:
| • |
|
higher net interest expense, primarily driven by a higher long-term
debt balance; and |
| • |
|
pension expense related to the Company’s frozen pension plans which
was reported in Corporate beginning in 2010. |
These two unfavorable
items were offset by lower expenses, including lower directors’ expense
resulting from a lower stock price in 2010 compared to 2009.
Corporate’s adjusted
loss from operations was greater for the six months ended June 30, 2010
compared with the same period in 2009, primarily reflecting:
| • |
|
higher net interest expense, primarily driven by a higher long-term
debt balance; |
| • |
|
pension expense related to the Company’s frozen pension plans which
was reported in Corporate beginning in 2010; and |
| • |
|
for the six months ended June 30, 2010, tax expense for
postretirement benefits resulting from health care reform (“the Act”, see
the Introduction section of the MD&A beginning on page
45). |
DISCONTINUED
OPERATIONS
Description
Discontinued
operations represent results associated with certain investments or businesses
that have been sold or are held for sale.
Discontinued
operations for the six months ended 2009 primarily represented a tax benefit
from a past divestiture resolved at the completion of the 2005 and 2006 IRS
examinations.
64
INDUSTRY
DEVELOPMENTS
There have been
inquiries by regulators and legislators with respect to offset practices
regarding Social Security Disability Insurance (“SSDI”), specifically as to the
industry’s role in providing assistance to individuals with their applications
for SSDI. The Company has received one Congressional inquiry and has responded
to the information request. Also, legislation prohibiting the offset of SSDI
payments against private disability insurance payments for prospectively issued
policies was introduced but not enacted in the Connecticut state legislature.
The Company was involved in related pending litigation which was resolved in the
second quarter of 2010.
65
LIQUIDITY AND
CAPITAL RESOURCES
Liquidity
The Company maintains
liquidity at two levels: the subsidiary level and the parent company level.
Liquidity requirements
at the subsidiary level generally consist of:
| • |
|
claim and benefit payments to policyholders; and |
| |
| • |
|
operating expense requirements, primarily for employee compensation
and benefits. |
The Company’s
subsidiaries normally meet their operating requirements by:
| • |
|
maintaining appropriate levels of cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments; |
| |
| • |
|
using cash flows from operating activities; |
| |
| • |
|
selling investments; |
| |
| • |
|
matching investment durations to those estimated for the related
insurance and contractholder liabilities; and |
| |
| • |
|
borrowing from its parent company. |
Liquidity requirements
at the parent company level generally consist of:
| • |
|
debt service and dividend payments to shareholders; and |
| |
| • |
|
pension plan funding. |
The parent normally
meets its liquidity requirements by:
| • |
|
maintaining appropriate levels of cash, cash equivalents and
short-term investments; |
| |
| • |
|
collecting dividends from its subsidiaries; |
| |
| • |
|
using proceeds from issuance of debt and equity securities; and |
| |
| • |
|
borrowing from its subsidiaries. |
Cash flows for the six
months ended June 30, were as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Operating
activities |
|
$ |
773 |
|
|
$ |
112 |
|
|
Investing
activities |
|
$ |
(536 |
) |
|
$ |
(648 |
) |
|
Financing
activities |
|
$ |
301 |
|
|
$ |
211 |
|
Cash flows from
operating activities consist of cash receipts and disbursements for premiums and
fees, mail order pharmacy and other revenues, gains (losses) recognized in
connection with the Company’s GMDB equity hedge program, investment income,
taxes, and benefits and expenses.
Because certain income
and expense transactions do not generate cash, and because cash transactions
related to revenue and expenses may occur in periods different from when those
revenues and expenses are recognized in shareholders’ net income, cash flows
from operating activities can be significantly different from shareholders’ net
income.
Cash flows from
investing activities generally consist of net investment purchases or sales and
net purchases of property and equipment, which includes capitalized software, as
well as cash used to acquire businesses.
Cash flows from
financing activities are generally comprised of issuances and re-payment of debt
at the parent company level, proceeds on the issuance of common stock resulting
from stock option exercises, and stock repurchases. In addition, the
subsidiaries report net deposits/withdrawals to/from investment contract
liabilities (which include universal life insurance liabilities) because such
liabilities are considered financing activities with policyholders.
66
2010:
Operating
activities
For the six months
ended June 30, 2010, cash flows from operating activities were higher than
net income by $194 million. Net income contains certain after-tax non-cash
income and expense items, including:
| • |
|
unfavorable results of the GMIB business of $99 million; |
| |
| • |
|
depreciation and amortization charges of $83 million; and |
| |
| • |
|
realized investment gains of
$11 million. |
Cash flows from
operating activities were higher than net income excluding the non-cash items
noted above by $23 million. Excluding cash inflows of $47 million
associated with the GMDB equity hedge program (which did not affect
shareholders’ net income), cash flows from operating activities were lower than
net income by $24 million. This result primarily reflects pension
contributions of $212 million offset by premium growth in the Health Care
segment’s risk businesses due to significant new business in 2010.
Cash flows from
operating activities increased by $661 million compared with the six months
ended June 30, 2009. Excluding the results of the GMDB equity hedge program
(which did not affect shareholders’ net income), cash flows from operating
activities increased by $543 million. This increase primarily reflects
premium growth in the Health Care segment’s risk businesses as noted above and
earnings growth in the Health Care, Disability and Life and International
segments as well as lower contributions to the qualified domestic pension plan
($212 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared with
$320 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009). These favorable
effects were partially offset by higher management compensation and income tax
payments for the six months ended June 30, 2010 compared with the same
period last year.
Investing
activities
Cash used in investing
activities was $536 million. This use of cash consisted primarily of net
purchases of investments of $411 million and net purchases of property and
equipment of $120 million.
Financing
activities
Cash provided from
financing activities consisted primarily of net proceeds from the issuance of
long-term debt of $296 million, changes in cash overdraft position of
$32 million, proceeds from issuances of common stock from employee benefit
plans of $28 million and net deposits to contractholder deposit funds of
$72 million. These inflows were partially offset by cash used for common
stock repurchases of $113 million.
2009:
Operating
activities
For the six months
ended June 30, 2009, cash flows from operating activities were less than
net income by $532 million. Net income contains certain after-tax non-cash
income and expense items, including:
| • |
|
favorable results of the GMIB business of $133 million; |
| |
| • |
|
a curtailment gain of $30 million, net of a cost reduction charge
of $9 million; |
| |
| • |
|
tax benefits related to the IRS examination of $20 million; |
| |
| • |
|
depreciation and amortization charges of $94 million; and |
| |
| • |
|
realized investment losses of
$33 million. |
Cash flows from
operating activities were lower than net income excluding the non-cash items
noted above by $485 million. This decrease was primarily due to cash
outflows of $71 million associated with the GMDB equity hedge program which
did not affect shareholders’ net income, contributions to the qualified domestic
pension plan of approximately $320 million and increases in receivables.
67
Investing
activities
Cash used in investing
activities was $648 million. This use of cash consisted primarily of net
purchases of investments of $512 million and net purchases of property and
equipment of $136 million.
Financing
activities
Cash provided from
financing activities consisted primarily of proceeds from the net issuance of
long-term debt of $346 million, offset by repayments of short-term debt,
primarily commercial paper, of $197 million. Financing activities also
included net deposits to contractholder deposit funds of $88 million.
Interest
Expense
Interest expense on
long-term debt, short-term debt and capital leases was as follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
| |
|
June 30, |
|
|
June 30, |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
Interest
expense |
|
$ |
45 |
|
|
$ |
41 |
|
|
$ |
88 |
|
|
$ |
79 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The increase in
interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 was
primarily due to higher long-term debt outstanding in 2010, resulting from the
issuance of debt in May, 2010 and May, 2009 used for general corporate purposes.
Capital
Resources
The Company’s capital
resources (primarily retained earnings and the proceeds from the issuance of
debt and equity securities) provide protection for policyholders, furnish the
financial strength to underwrite insurance risks and facilitate continued
business growth.
Management, guided by
regulatory requirements and rating agency capital guidelines, determines the
amount of capital resources that the Company maintains. Management allocates
resources to new long-term business commitments when returns, considering the
risks, look promising and when the resources available to support existing
business are adequate.
The Company
prioritizes its use of capital resources to:
| • |
|
provide capital necessary to support growth and maintain or improve
the financial strength ratings of subsidiaries which includes evaluating
potential solutions for the Company’s run-off reinsurance business and
pension funding obligations; |
| • |
|
consider acquisitions that are strategically and economically
advantageous; and |
| • |
|
return capital to investors through share
repurchase. |
The availability of
capital resources will be impacted by equity and credit market conditions.
Extreme volatility in credit or equity market conditions may reduce the
Company’s ability to issue debt or equity securities.
On May 12, 2010,
the Company issued $300 million of 5.125% Notes ($299 million, net of
discount, with an effective interest rate of 5.36% per year). Interest is
payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year beginning
December 15, 2010. The proceeds of this debt were used for general
corporate purposes. These Notes will mature on June 15, 2020.
On May 4, 2009,
the Company issued $350 million of 8.5% Notes ($349 million, net of
debt discount, with an effective interest rate of 9.90% per year). The
difference between the stated and effective interest rates primarily reflects
the effect of a treasury lock. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements for further information. Interest is payable on May 1 and November 1
of each year beginning November 1, 2009. The proceeds of this debt were
used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of some of the
Company’s outstanding commercial paper. These Notes will mature on May 1,
2019.
68
The Company may redeem
these Notes, at any time, in whole or in part, at a redemption price equal to
the greater of:
| • |
|
100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed;
or |
| • |
|
the present value of the remaining principal and interest payments on
the Notes being redeemed discounted at the applicable treasury rate plus
25 basis points (5.125% Notes due 2020) or 50 basis points (8.5% Notes due
2019). |
Share
Repurchase
The Company maintains
a share repurchase program, which was authorized by its Board of Directors. The
decision to repurchase shares depends on market conditions and alternate uses of
capital. The Company has, and may continue from time to time, to repurchase
shares on the open market through a Rule 10b5-1 plan which permits a
company to repurchase its shares at times when it otherwise might be precluded
from doing so under insider trading laws or because of self-imposed trading
blackout periods. The Company suspends activity under this program from time to
time and also removes such suspensions, generally without public announcement.
Through August 4,
2010, the Company repurchased 6.2 million shares for approximately $200 million
but did not repurchase any shares during 2009. The total remaining share
repurchase authorization as of August 5, 2010 was $247 million.
Liquidity and
Capital Resources Outlook
At June 30, 2010,
there was approximately $720 million in cash and short-term investments
available at the parent company level. For the remainder of 2010, the parent
company’s cash requirements include scheduled interest payments of approximately
$90 million on outstanding long-term debt (including current maturities) of
$2.6 billion at June 30, 2010. In addition, approximately $100 million
of commercial paper will mature over the next month and scheduled long-term debt
repayments of $222 million are due in January of 2011. The Company made
pension plans contributions of $212 million through June 30, 2010 and is
not required to make any additional contributions for the remainder of the year.
The parent company expects to fund these cash requirements by using available
cash, subsidiary dividends and by refinancing the maturing commercial paper
borrowings with new commercial paper.
The availability of
resources at the parent company level is partially dependent on dividends from
the Company’s subsidiaries, most of which are subject to regulatory restrictions
and rating agency capital guidelines, and partially dependent on the
availability of liquidity from the issuance of debt or equity securities.
The Company expects,
based on current projections for cash activity, to have sufficient liquidity to
meet its obligations.
However, the Company’s
cash projections may not be realized and the demand for funds could exceed
available cash if:
| • |
|
ongoing businesses experience unexpected shortfalls in earnings; |
| |
| • |
|
regulatory restrictions or rating agency capital guidelines reduce the
amount of dividends available to be distributed to the parent company from
the insurance and HMO subsidiaries (including the impact of equity market
deterioration and volatility on subsidiary capital); |
| |
| • |
|
significant disruption or volatility in the capital and credit markets
reduces the Company’s ability to raise capital or creates unexpected
losses related to the GMDB and GMIB businesses; |
| |
| • |
|
a substantial increase in funding over current projections is required
for the Company’s pension plans; or |
| |
| • |
|
a substantial increase in funding is required for the Company’s GMDB
equity hedge program. |
In those cases, the
Company expects to have the flexibility to satisfy liquidity needs through a
variety of measures, including intercompany borrowings and sales of liquid
investments. The parent company may borrow up to $600 million from
Connecticut General Life Insurance Company (“CGLIC”) without prior state
approval. As of June 30, 2010, the parent company had no outstanding
borrowings from CGLIC.
69
In addition, the
Company may use short-term borrowings, such as the commercial paper program and
the committed revolving credit and letter of credit agreement of up to
$1.75 billion subject to the maximum debt leverage covenant in its line of
credit agreement. This agreement permits up to $1.25 billion to be used for
letters of credit. As of June 30, 2010, there were two letters totaling $82
million issued out of the credit facility. As of June 30, 2010, the Company
had an additional $1.5 billion of borrowing capacity under the credit
facility.
Though the Company
believes it has adequate sources of liquidity, continued significant disruption
or volatility in the capital and credit markets could affect the Company’s
ability to access those markets for additional borrowings or increase costs
associated with borrowing funds.
Guarantees and
Contractual Obligations
The Company, through
its subsidiaries, is contingently liable for various contractual obligations
entered into in the ordinary course of business. See Note 17 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for additional information.
Contractual
obligations. The Company has updated its contractual obligations
previously provided on page 85 of the Company’s 2009 Form 10-K for certain items
as follows:
| • |
|
Future policy benefit liabilities associated with GMDB contracts as a
result of an unfavorable equity market during the second quarter of
2010; |
| • |
|
Long-term debt, primarily due to the issuance of new debt on
May 12, 2010. See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements
for additional information; and |
| • |
|
Other long-term liabilities associated with GMIB contracts primarily
as a result of declining interest rates as well as the unfavorable equity
market environment during the second quarter of
2010. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 1 |
|
|
1-3 |
|
|
4-5 |
|
|
After 5 |
|
| (In
millions, on an undiscounted basis) |
|
Total |
|
|
year |
|
|
years |
|
|
years |
|
|
years |
|
|
On-Balance
Sheet: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Future policy
benefits |
|
$ |
11,355 |
|
|
$ |
484 |
|
|
$ |
925 |
|
|
$ |
902 |
|
|
$ |
9,044 |
|
|
Long-term debt |
|
$ |
5,072 |
|
|
$ |
174 |
|
|
$ |
799 |
|
|
$ |
309 |
|
|
$ |
3,790 |
|
|
Other long-term
liabilities |
|
$ |
1,546 |
|
|
$ |
614 |
|
|
$ |
329 |
|
|
$ |
165 |
|
|
$ |
438 |
|
INVESTMENT
ASSETS
The Company’s
investment assets do not include separate account assets. Additional information
regarding the Company’s investment assets and related accounting policies is
included in Notes 2, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 14 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements. More detailed information about the fixed maturities and mortgage
loan portfolios by type of issuer, maturity dates, and, for mortgages by
property type and location is included in Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements and Notes 2, 11, 12 and 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements
in the Company’s 2009 Form 10-K.
As of June 30,
2010, the Company’s mix of investments and their primary characteristics had not
materially changed since December 31, 2009. The Company’s fixed maturity
portfolio is diversified by issuer and industry type, with no single industry
constituting more than 10% of total invested assets as of June 30, 2010.
The Company’s commercial mortgage loan portfolio is diversified by property
type, location and borrower to reduce exposure to potential losses.
Fixed
Maturities
Investments in fixed
maturities (bonds) include publicly traded and privately placed debt
securities, mortgage and other asset-backed securities, preferred stocks
redeemable by the investor and trading securities. Fixed maturities and equity
securities include hybrid securities. Fair values are based on quoted market
prices when available. When market prices are not available, fair value is
generally estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, incorporating current
market inputs for similar financial instruments with comparable terms and credit
quality. In instances where there is little or no market activity for the same
or similar instruments, the Company estimates fair value using methods, models
and assumptions that the Company believes a hypothetical market participant
would use to determine a current transaction price.
70
The Company performs
ongoing analyses of prices used to value the Company’s invested assets to
determine that they represent appropriate estimates of fair value. This process
involves quantitative and qualitative analysis including reviews of pricing
methodologies, judgments of valuation inputs, the significance of any
unobservable inputs, pricing statistics and trends. The Company also performs
sample testing of sales values to confirm the accuracy of prior fair value
estimates. These procedures are overseen by the Company’s investment
professionals.
The value of the
Company’s fixed maturity portfolio increased $403 million in the three
months and $559 million in the six months ended June 30, 2010 driven
by a decline in market yields. Although overall asset values are well in excess
of amortized cost, there are specific securities with amortized cost in excess
of fair value by $61 million as of June 30, 2010.
As of June 30,
2010, approximately 63% or $1,595 million of the Company’s total
investments in state and local government securities of $2,545 million were
guaranteed by monoline bond insurers. The quality ratings of these investments
with and without this guaranteed support as of June 30, 2010 were as
follows:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
As of June 30, 2010 |
|
| |
|
|
|
Fair Value |
|
| |
|
|
|
With |
|
|
Without |
|
| (In
millions) |
|
Quality Rating |
|
Guarantee |
|
|
Guarantee |
|
|
State and local
governments |
|
Aaa |
|
$ |
91 |
|
|
$ |
88 |
|
|
|
|
Aa1-Aa3 |
|
|
1,214 |
|
|
|
1,131 |
|
|
|
|
A1-A3 |
|
|
244 |
|
|
|
267 |
|
|
|
|
Baa1-Baa3 |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
|
Not available |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total state and local
governments |
|
|
|
$ |
1,595 |
|
|
$ |
1,595 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of June 30,
2010, approximately 74% or $498 million of the Company’s total investments
in other asset-backed securities of $672 million were guaranteed by
monoline bond insurers. All of these securities had quality ratings of Baa2 or
better. Quality ratings without considering the guarantees for these other
asset-backed securities were not available.
As of June 30,
2010, the Company had no direct investments in monoline bond insurers.
Guarantees provided by various monoline bond insurers for certain of the
Company’s investments in state and local governments and other asset-backed
securities as of June 30, 2010 were:
| |
|
|
|
|
| (In millions) |
|
As of June 30, 2010 |
|
| Guarantor |
|
Indirect Exposure |
|
|
AMBAC |
|
$ |
189 |
|
|
National Public Finance
Guarantee (formerly MBIA, Inc.) |
|
|
1,264 |
|
|
Assured Guaranty
Municipal Corp (formerly Financial Security Assurance) |
|
|
600 |
|
|
Financial Guaranty
Insurance Co. |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
2,093 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company continues
to underwrite investments in these securities focusing on the underlying
issuer’s credit quality, without regard for guarantees. As such, this portfolio
of state and local government securities, guaranteed by monoline bond insurers
is of high quality with approximately 93% rated A3 or better without their
guarantees.
Commercial
Mortgage Loans
The Company’s
commercial mortgage loans are fixed rate loans, diversified by property type,
location and borrower to reduce exposure to potential losses. Loans are secured
by the related property and are generally made at less than 75% of the
property’s value at origination of the loan. In addition to property value, debt
service coverage, which is the ratio of the estimated cash flows from the
property to the required loan payments (principal and interest), is an important
underwriting consideration.
71
The Company completed
its annual in depth review of its commercial mortgage loan portfolio in July,
2010. This review included an analysis of each property’s year-end 2009
financial statements, rent rolls and operating plans and budgets for 2010, a
physical inspection of the property and other pertinent factors. Based on
property values and cash flows estimated as part of this review, the portfolio’s
average loan-to-value ratio modestly improved, decreasing from 77% as of
December 31, 2009 to 76% at June 30, 2010. The portfolio’s average
debt service coverage ratio was estimated to be 1.36 as of June 30, 2010,
down from 1.48 at completion of the previous review.
Values estimated for
the properties in CIGNA’s mortgage portfolio reflect improving commercial real
estate capital markets, with stabilizing, and in some instances, increasing
values, for well leased, quality commercial real estate located in strong
institutional investment markets, the quality reflected by the vast majority of
properties securing our mortgages. The deterioration in property cash flows (and