SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
     
ţ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2009
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                      
Commission file number 1-08323
CIGNA Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware   06-1059331
     
(State or other jurisdiction   (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization)   Identification No.)
Two Liberty Place, 1601 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19192
(Address of principal executive offices)    (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (215) 761-1000
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ţ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ţ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
             
Large accelerated filer ţ   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller Reporting Company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ţ
As of October 16, 2009, 273,436,995 shares of the issuer’s common stock were outstanding.

 

CIGNA CORPORATION
INDEX
         
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    6  
 
       
    45  
 
       
    84  
 
       
    85  
 
       
       
 
       
    86  
 
       
    87  
 
       
    88  
 
       
    89  
 
       
    90  
 
       
    E-1  
 
       
As used herein, “CIGNA” or the “Company” refers to one or more of CIGNA Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CIGNA Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Income
                                 
    Unaudited     Unaudited  
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
(In millions, except per share amounts)   2009     2008     2009     2008  
Revenues
                               
Premiums and fees
  $ 3,985     $ 4,128     $ 12,049     $ 12,197  
Net investment income
    263       272       752       802  
Mail order pharmacy revenues
    316       300       944       882  
Other revenues
    (61 )     175       73       431  
Realized investment gains (losses):
                               
Other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities, net
    (16 )     (66 )     (42 )     (92 )
Other realized investment gains
    30       43       2       64  
 
                       
Total realized investment gains (losses)
    14       (23 )     (40 )     (28 )
 
                       
Total revenues
    4,517       4,852       13,778       14,284  
 
                       
Benefits and Expenses
                               
Health Care medical claims expense
    1,698       1,819       5,226       5,480  
Other benefit expenses
    754       1,049       2,551       2,877  
Mail order pharmacy cost of goods sold
    255       238       762       704  
Guaranteed minimum income benefits (income) expense
    (19 )     98       (215 )     353  
Other operating expenses
    1,342       1,415       4,064       4,150  
 
                       
Total benefits and expenses
    4,030       4,619       12,388       13,564  
 
                       
Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes
    487       233       1,390       720  
 
                       
Income taxes (benefits):
                               
Current
    68       65       138       274  
Deferred
    89       (3 )     279       (54 )
 
                       
Total taxes
    157       62       417       220  
 
                       
Income from Continuing Operations
    330       171       973       500  
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes
          1       1       3  
 
                       
Net Income
    330       172       974       503  
Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
    1       1       2       2  
 
                       
Shareholders’ Net Income
  $ 329     $ 171     $ 972     $ 501  
 
                       
Basic Earnings Per Share:
                               
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 1.20     $ 0.62     $ 3.55     $ 1.79  
Shareholders’ income from discontinued operations
                      0.01  
 
                       
 
                               
Shareholders’ net income
  $ 1.20     $ 0.62     $ 3.55     $ 1.80  
 
                       
Diluted Earnings Per Share:
                               
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 1.19     $ 0.62     $ 3.54     $ 1.77  
Shareholders’ income from discontinued operations
                      0.01  
 
                       
Shareholders’ net income
  $ 1.19     $ 0.62     $ 3.54     $ 1.78  
 
                       
Dividends Declared Per Share
  $     $     $ 0.040     $ 0.040  
 
                       
 
                               
Amounts Attributable to CIGNA:
                               
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 329     $ 170     $ 971     $ 498  
Shareholders’ income from discontinued operations
          1       1       3  
 
                       
Shareholders’ Net Income
  $ 329     $ 171     $ 972     $ 501  
 
                       
The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

1

CIGNA Corporation
Consolidated Balance Sheets
                                 
            Unaudited                
            As of             As of  
            September 30,             December 31,  
(In millions, except per share amounts)           2009             2008  
Assets
                               
Investments:
                               
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost, $12,471; $11,492)
          $ 13,488             $ 11,781  
Equity securities, at fair value (cost, $131; $140)
            104               112  
Commercial mortgage loans
            3,607               3,617  
Policy loans
            1,530               1,556  
Real estate
            124               53  
Other long-term investments
            592               632  
Short-term investments
            201               236  
 
                           
Total investments
            19,646               17,987  
Cash and cash equivalents
            836               1,342  
Accrued investment income
            265               225  
Premiums, accounts and notes receivable, net
            1,481               1,407  
Reinsurance recoverables
            6,689               6,973  
Deferred policy acquisition costs
            886               789  
Property and equipment
            827               804  
Deferred income taxes, net
            1,017               1,617  
Goodwill
            2,876               2,878  
Other assets, including other intangibles
            1,166               1,520  
Separate account assets
            6,964               5,864  
 
                           
Total assets
          $ 42,653             $ 41,406  
 
                           
Liabilities
                               
Contractholder deposit funds
          $ 8,488             $ 8,539  
Future policy benefits
            8,304               8,754  
Unpaid claims and claim expenses
            4,006               4,037  
Health Care medical claims payable
            932               924  
Unearned premiums and fees
            424               414  
 
                           
Total insurance and contractholder liabilities
            22,154               22,668  
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
            5,805               6,869  
Short-term debt
            104               301  
Long-term debt
            2,435               2,090  
Nonrecourse obligations
            23               16  
Separate account liabilities
            6,964               5,864  
 
                           
Total liabilities
            37,485               37,808  
 
                           
Contingencies — Note 17
                               
Shareholders’ Equity
                               
Common stock (par value per share, $0.25; shares issued, 351)
            88               88  
Additional paid-in capital
            2,510               2,502  
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), fixed maturities
  $ 402             $ (147 )        
Net unrealized appreciation, equity securities
    4               7          
Net unrealized depreciation, derivatives
    (27 )             (13 )        
Net translation of foreign currencies
    (17 )             (60 )        
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment
    (878 )             (861 )        
 
                           
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
            (516 )             (1,074 )
Retained earnings
            8,303               7,374  
Less treasury stock, at cost
            (5,228 )             (5,298 )
 
                           
Total shareholders’ equity
            5,157               3,592  
Noncontrolling interest
            11               6  
 
                           
Total equity
            5,168               3,598  
 
                           
Total liabilities and equity
          $ 42,653             $ 41,406  
 
                           
Shareholders’ Equity Per Share
          $ 18.86             $ 13.25  
 
                           
The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

2

CIGNA Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Changes in Total Equity
(In millions, except per share amounts)
                                 
    Unaudited  
    2009     2008  
    Compre-             Compre-        
    hensive     Total     hensive     Total  
Three Months Ended September 30   Income     Equity     Income     Equity  
Common Stock, September 30
          $ 88             $ 88  
 
                           
Additional Paid-In Capital, July 1
            2,506               2,493  
Effects of stock issuance for employee benefit plans
            4               5  
 
                           
Additional Paid-In Capital, September 30
            2,510               2,498  
 
                           
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, July 1
            (837 )             (84 )
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), fixed maturities
  $ 302       302     $ (133 )     (133 )
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), equity securities
    (3 )     (3 )     2       2  
 
                           
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on securities
    299               (131 )        
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), derivatives
    (6 )     (6 )     14       14  
Net translation of foreign currencies
    29       29       (56 )     (56 )
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment
    (1 )     (1 )     3       3  
 
                           
Other comprehensive income (loss)
    321               (170 )        
 
                       
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, September 30
            (516 )             (254 )
 
                           
Retained Earnings, July 1
            7,986               7,412  
Shareholders’ net income
    329       329       171       171  
Effects of stock issuance for employee benefit plans
            (12 )             (1 )
 
                           
Retained Earnings, September 30
            8,303               7,582  
 
                           
Treasury Stock, July 1
            (5,254 )             (5,155 )
Repurchase of common stock
                          (125 )
Other, primarily issuance of treasury stock for employee benefit plans
            26               8  
 
                           
Treasury Stock, September 30
            (5,228 )             (5,272 )
 
                       
Shareholders’ Comprehensive Income and Shareholders’ Equity
    650       5,157       1       4,642  
 
                       
Noncontrolling interest, July 1
            9               7  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
    1       1       1       1  
Accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
    1       1              
 
                       
Noncontrolling interest, September 30
    2       11       1       8  
 
                       
Total Comprehensive Income and Total Equity
  $ 652     $ 5,168     $ 2     $ 4,650  
 
                       
The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

3

CIGNA Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and Changes in Total Equity
(In millions, except per share amounts)
                                 
    Unaudited  
    2009     2008  
    Compre-             Compre-        
    hensive     Total     hensive     Total  
Nine Months Ended September 30   Income     Equity     Income     Equity  
Common Stock, September 30
          $ 88             $ 88  
 
                           
Additional Paid-In Capital, January 1
            2,502               2,474  
Effects of stock issuance for employee benefit plans
            8               24  
 
                           
Additional Paid-In Capital, September 30
            2,510               2,498  
 
                           
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), January 1
            (1,074 )             51  
Implementation effect of updated guidance on other-than-temporary impairments
            (18 )              
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), fixed maturities
  $ 567       567     $ (247 )     (247 )
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), equity securities
    (3 )     (3 )     2       2  
 
                           
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on securities
    564               (245 )        
Net unrealized appreciation (depreciation), derivatives
    (14 )     (14 )     3       3  
Net translation of foreign currencies
    43       43       (79 )     (79 )
Postretirement benefits liability adjustment
    (17 )     (17 )     16       16  
 
                           
Other comprehensive income (loss)
    576               (305 )        
 
                       
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, September 30
            (516 )             (254 )
 
                           
Retained Earnings, January 1
            7,374               7,113  
Shareholders’ net income
    972       972       501       501  
Effects of stock issuance for employee benefit plans
            (50 )             (21 )
Implementation effect of updated guidance on other-than-temporary impairments
            18                
Common dividends declared (per share: $0.04; $0.04)
            (11 )             (11 )
 
                           
Retained Earnings, September 30
            8,303               7,582  
 
                           
Treasury Stock, January 1
            (5,298 )             (4,978 )
Repurchase of common stock
                          (347 )
Other, primarily issuance of treasury stock for employee benefit plans
            70               53  
 
                           
Treasury Stock, September 30
            (5,228 )             (5,272 )
 
                       
Shareholders’ Comprehensive Income and Shareholders’ Equity
    1,548       5,157       196       4,642  
 
                       
Noncontrolling interest, January 1
            6               6  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest
    2       2       2       2  
Accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest
    3       3              
 
                       
Noncontrolling interest, September 30
    5       11       2       8  
 
                       
Total Comprehensive Income and Total Equity
  $ 1,553     $ 5,168     $ 198     $ 4,650  
 
                       
The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

4

CIGNA Corporation
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
                 
    Unaudited  
    Nine Months Ended September 30,  
(In millions)   2009     2008  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
               
Net income
  $ 974     $ 503  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Income from discontinued operations
    (1 )     (3 )
Income attributable to noncontrolling interest
    (2 )     (2 )
Insurance liabilities
    (271 )     185  
Reinsurance recoverables
    (1 )     47  
Deferred policy acquisition costs
    (60 )     (74 )
Premiums, accounts and notes receivable
    (72 )     16  
Other assets
    350       (425 )
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
    (1,126 )     717  
Current income taxes
    (29 )     (5 )
Deferred income taxes
    279       (54 )
Realized investment losses
    40       28  
Depreciation and amortization
    207       181  
Gains on sales of businesses (excluding discontinued operations)
    (24 )     (28 )
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale
    1        
Other, net
    4       (36 )
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    269       1,050  
 
           
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
               
Proceeds from investments sold:
               
Fixed maturities
    655       1,123  
Equity securities
    21       5  
Commercial mortgage loans
    23       48  
Other (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)
    485       279  
Investment maturities and repayments:
               
Fixed maturities
    791       660  
Commercial mortgage loans
    44       31  
Investments purchased:
               
Fixed maturities
    (2,257 )     (2,237 )
Equity securities
    (8 )     (18 )
Commercial mortgage loans
    (121 )     (359 )
Other (primarily short-term and other long-term investments)
    (489 )     (344 )
Property and equipment purchases
    (218 )     (179 )
Acquisition of Great-West Healthcare, net of cash acquired
          (1,301 )
Other (primarily other acquisitions/dispositions)
          (12 )
 
           
Net cash used in investing activities
    (1,074 )     (2,304 )
 
           
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
               
Deposits and interest credited to contractholder deposit funds
    1,011       989  
Withdrawals and benefit payments from contractholder deposit funds
    (946 )     (901 )
Change in cash overdraft position
    82       (3 )
Net change in short-term debt
    (199 )     312  
Net proceeds on issuance of long-term debt
    346       297  
Repayment of long-term debt
    (2 )      
Repurchase of common stock
          (340 )
Issuance of common stock
    9       37  
Common dividends paid
    (11 )     (14 )
 
           
Net cash provided by financing activities
    290       377  
 
           
Effect of foreign currency rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    9       (15 )
 
           
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    (506 )     (892 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    1,342       1,970  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 836     $ 1,078  
 
           
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Information:
               
Income taxes paid, net of refunds
  $ 171     $ 267  
Interest paid
  $ 107     $ 96  
The accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

5

CIGNA CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1 — Basis of Presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of CIGNA Corporation, its significant subsidiaries, and variable interest entities of which CIGNA Corporation is the primary beneficiary (referred to collectively as “the Company”). Intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation. These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP).
The interim consolidated financial statements are unaudited but include all adjustments (including normal recurring adjustments) necessary, in the opinion of management, for a fair statement of financial position and results of operations for the periods reported. The interim consolidated financial statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.
The preparation of interim consolidated financial statements necessarily relies heavily on estimates. This and certain other factors, such as the seasonal nature of portions of the health care and related benefits business as well as competitive and other market conditions, call for caution in estimating full year results based on interim results of operations.
In preparing these interim consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated events that occurred between the balance sheet date and November 5, 2009.
Certain reclassifications and restatements have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current presentation. In addition, certain restatements have been made in connection with the adoption of new accounting pronouncements. See Note 2 for further information.
Discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 primarily represented a tax benefit associated with a past divestiture, resolved at the completion of the 2005 and 2006 IRS examinations.
Discontinued operations for the third quarter of 2008 included a gain of $1 million after-tax from the settlement of certain issues related to a past divestiture. Discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 included a gain of $3 million after-tax from the settlement of certain issues related to a past divestiture.
Unless otherwise indicated, amounts in these Notes exclude the effects of discontinued operations.
Note 2 — Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Codification. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has established the Accounting Standards Codification (Codification or ASC) as the single source of authoritative accounting guidance effective for reporting in the third quarter of 2009. Therefore, the Company will use the Codification section or description when referring to GAAP except for very recent guidance that has not yet been incorporated into the Codification.
Other-than-temporary impairments. On April 1, 2009, the Company adopted the FASB’s updated guidance for evaluating whether an impairment is other than temporary for fixed maturities with declines in fair value below amortized cost (ASC 320). It requires assessing the Company’s intent to sell or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell such fixed maturities before their fair values recover. If so, an impairment loss is recognized in net income for the excess of the amortized cost over fair value. The Company must also determine if it does not expect to recover the amortized cost of fixed maturities with declines in fair value (even if it does not intend to sell or will not be required to sell these fixed maturities). In this case, the credit portion of the impairment loss is recognized in net income and the non-credit portion of an impairment loss is recognized in a separate component of shareholders’ equity. A reclassification adjustment from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income was required for previously impaired fixed maturities that have a non-credit loss as of the date of adoption, less related tax effects.
The cumulative effect of adoption increased the Company’s retained earnings with an offsetting decrease to accumulated other comprehensive income of $18 million, with no overall change to shareholders’ equity. See Note 9 for information on the Company’s other-than-temporary impairments including additional required disclosures.

6

Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries. Effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the FASB’s updated guidance on accounting for noncontrolling interests (ASC 810) through retroactive restatement of prior financial statements and reclassified $6 million of noncontrolling interest as of January 1, 2009 and 2008 from Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities to Noncontrolling interest in total equity. In addition, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, net income of $2 million attributable to the noncontrolling interest has been reclassified to be included in net income, with a reduction to net income to determine net income attributable to the Company’s shareholders (“shareholders’ net income”).
Earnings per share. Effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the FASB’s updated earnings per share guidance (ASC 260) for determining participating securities which requires unvested restricted stock awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends to be included in the denominator of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) calculations. Prior period EPS data have been restated to reflect the adoption of this guidance. See Note 4 for the effects of this guidance on previously reported EPS amounts.
Business combinations. Effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the FASB’s guidance on accounting for business combinations (ASC 805) that requires fair value measurements for all future acquisitions, including contingent purchase price and certain contingent assets or liabilities of the entity to be acquired, requires acquisition related and restructuring costs to be expensed as incurred and requires changes in tax items after the acquisition date to be reported in income tax expense. There were no effects to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements at adoption.
Derivatives disclosures. Effective January 1, 2009, the Company expanded its disclosures on derivatives and hedging activities to comply with the FASB’s updated guidance (ASC 815) that requires the Company to disclose the purpose for using derivative instruments, their accounting treatment and related effects on financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. See Note 10 for information on the Company’s derivative financial instruments including these additional required disclosures.
Fair value measurements. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted the FASB’s fair value disclosure and measurement guidance (ASC 820) that expands disclosures about fair value measurements and clarifies how to measure fair value by focusing on the price that would be received when selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price). In addition, the FASB amended the fair value guidance in 2008 to provide additional guidance for determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that instrument is not active. See Note 8 for information on the Company’s fair value measurements.
The Company carries certain financial instruments at fair value in the financial statements including approximately $13.8 billion in invested assets at September 30, 2009. The Company also carries derivative instruments at fair value, including assets and liabilities for reinsurance contracts covering guaranteed minimum income benefits (GMIB assets and liabilities) under certain variable annuity contracts issued by other insurance companies and related retrocessional contracts. The Company also reports separate account assets at fair value; however, changes in the fair values of these assets accrue directly to policyholders and are not included in the Company’s revenues and expenses. At the adoption of this fair value guidance, there were no effects to the Company’s measurements of fair values for financial instruments other than for GMIB assets and liabilities discussed below. In addition, there were no effects to the Company’s measurements of financial assets of adopting the FASB’s 2008 amendment to this fair value guidance.
At adoption, the Company was required to change certain assumptions used to estimate the fair values of GMIB assets and liabilities. Because there is no market for these contracts, the assumptions used to estimate their fair values at adoption were determined using a hypothetical market participant’s view of exit price, rather than using historical market data and actual experience to establish the Company’s future expectations. Certain of these assumptions have limited or no observable market data so determining an exit price requires the Company to exercise significant judgment and make critical accounting estimates. On adoption, the Company recorded a charge of $131 million after-tax, net of reinsurance ($202 million pre-tax), in Run-off Reinsurance.
The Company’s results of operations related to this business are expected to continue to be volatile in future periods because several underlying assumptions will be based on current market-observable inputs which will likely change each period. See Note 8 for additional information.
During the first nine months of 2009, the Company adopted FASB guidance that clarifies how to determine fair value for various assets and liabilities with no material effects to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In the third quarter of 2009, the FASB issued guidance on measuring the fair value of liabilities and for investments in certain entities to provide a practical alternative under certain conditions to determine the fair value of these investments using their net asset value or its equivalent. The Company expects no material effects on its Consolidated Financial Statements at adoption in the fourth quarter of 2009.

7

Transfers of financial assets. In 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166 “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140,” which changes the requirements for recognizing the transfer of financial assets and requires additional disclosures about a transferor’s continuing involvement in transferred financial assets. The guidance also eliminates the concept of a “qualifying special purpose entity” when assessing transfers of financial instruments. The recognition and measurement provisions of this guidance must be applied to transfers that occur on or after January 1, 2010. On adoption, the Company does not expect a material effect to the results of operations or financial condition.
Variable interest entities. In 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R),” which amended guidance requiring periodic qualitative analyses to determine whether a variable interest entity must be consolidated by the Company. In addition, this guidance requires the Company to disclose any significant judgments and assumptions made in determining whether it must consolidate a variable interest entity. Any changes in consolidated entities resulting from these requirements must be applied through retrospective restatement of prior financial statements beginning in 2010. The Company is presently evaluating the impact of these new requirements.

8

Note 3 — Acquisitions and Dispositions
The Company may from time to time acquire or dispose of assets, subsidiaries or lines of business. Significant transactions are described below.
Great-West Healthcare Acquisition. On April 1, 2008, the Company acquired the Healthcare division of Great-West Life and Annuity, Inc. (“Great-West Healthcare” or the “acquired business”) through 100% indemnity reinsurance agreements and the acquisition of certain affiliates and other assets and liabilities of Great-West Healthcare. The purchase price of approximately $1.5 billion consisted of a payment to the seller of approximately $1.4 billion for the net assets acquired and the assumption of net liabilities under the reinsurance agreement of approximately $0.1 billion. Great-West Healthcare primarily sells medical plans on a self-funded basis with stop loss coverage to select and regional employer groups. Great-West Healthcare’s offerings also include the following specialty products: stop loss, life, disability, medical, dental, vision, prescription drug coverage, and accidental death and dismemberment insurance. The acquisition, which was accounted for as a purchase, was financed through a combination of cash and the issuance of both short and long-term debt.
In the first quarter of 2009, the Company completed its allocation of the total purchase price to the tangible and intangible net assets acquired based on management’s estimates of their fair values without material changes from December 31, 2008.
The results of Great-West Healthcare are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition.
The following table presents selected unaudited pro forma information for the Company assuming the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2008. The pro forma information does not purport to represent what the Company’s actual results would have been if the acquisition had occurred as of that date or what such results will be for any future periods.
         
    (Unaudited)  
    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,  
(In millions, except per share amounts)   2008  
Total revenues
  $ 14,652  
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 526  
Shareholders’ net income
  $ 529  
Earnings per share:
       
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
       
Basic
  $ 1.89  
Diluted
  $ 1.87  
Shareholders’ net income
       
Basic
  $ 1.90  
Diluted
  $ 1.88  
 
     

9

Note 4 — Earnings Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share were computed as follows:
                         
            Effect of        
(In millions, except per share amounts)   Basic     Dilution     Diluted  
Three Months Ended September 30,
                       
2009
                       
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 329     $     $ 329  
 
                 
Shares (in thousands):
                       
Weighted average
    274,398             274,398  
Options
          1,732       1,732  
 
                 
Total shares
    274,398       1,732       276,130  
 
                 
EPS
  $ 1.20     $ (0.01 )   $ 1.19  
 
                 
2008
                       
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 170     $     $ 170  
 
                 
Shares (in thousands):
                       
Weighted average
    275,141             275,141  
Options
          1,665       1,665  
 
                 
Total shares
    275,141       1,665       276,806  
 
                 
EPS
  $ 0.62     $     $ 0.62  
 
                 
                         
            Effect of        
(In millions, except per share amounts)   Basic     Dilution     Diluted  
Nine Months Ended September 30,
                       
2009
                       
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 971     $     $ 971  
 
                 
Shares (in thousands):
                       
Weighted average
    273,698             273,698  
Options
          993       993  
 
                 
Total shares
    273,698       993       274,691  
 
                 
EPS
  $ 3.55     $ (0.01 )   $ 3.54  
 
                 
2008
                       
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 498     $     $ 498  
 
                 
Shares (in thousands):
                       
Weighted average
    278,912             278,912  
Options
          2,035       2,035  
 
                 
Total shares
    278,912       2,035       280,947  
 
                 
EPS
  $ 1.79     $ (0.02 )   $ 1.77  
 
                 

10

As described in Note 2, effective in 2009, the Company adopted the FASB’s new guidance for determining participating securities which requires the Company’s unvested restricted stock awards to be included in weighted average shares instead of being considered a common stock equivalent. Prior period share information has been restated as follows.
                                 
    Three Months Ended September 30, 2008  
    Basic     Diluted  
    As originally             As originally        
    reported     As adjusted     reported     As adjusted  
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 0.62     $ 0.62     $ 0.62     $ 0.62  
 
                       
                                 
    Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008  
    Basic     Diluted  
    As originally             As originally        
    reported     As adjusted     reported     As adjusted  
Shareholders’ income from continuing operations
  $ 1.80     $ 1.79     $ 1.78     $ 1.77  
 
                       
The following outstanding employee stock options were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would have increased diluted earnings per share (antidilutive) as their exercise price was greater than the average share price of the Company’s common stock for the period.
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
(In millions)   2009     2008     2009     2008  
Antidilutive options
    8.7       4.9       10.0       4.5  
 
                       
The Company held 77,475,700 shares of common stock in Treasury as of September 30, 2009, and 78,693,702 shares as of September 30, 2008.
Note 5 — Health Care Medical Claims Payable
Medical claims payable for the Health Care segment reflects estimates of the ultimate cost of claims that have been incurred but not yet reported, those which have been reported but not yet paid (reported claims in process) and other medical expense payable, which primarily comprises accruals for provider incentives and other amounts payable to providers. Incurred but not yet reported comprises the majority of the reserve balance as follows:
                 
    September 30,     December 31,  
(In millions)   2009     2008  
Incurred but not yet reported
  $ 814     $ 782  
Reported claims in process
    101       114  
Other medical expense payable
    17       28  
 
           
Medical claims payable
  $ 932     $ 924  
 
           

11

Activity in medical claims payable was as follows:
                 
    For the period ended  
    September 30,     December 31,  
(In millions)   2009     2008  
Balance at January 1,
  $ 924     $ 975  
Less: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable
    211       258  
 
           
Balance at January 1, net
    713       717  
Acquired April 1, 2008 net
          90  
Incurred claims related to:
               
Current year
    5,265       7,312  
Prior years
    (39 )     (60 )
 
           
Total incurred
    5,226       7,252  
Paid claims related to:
               
Current year
    4,560       6,716  
Prior years
    643       630  
 
           
Total paid
    5,203       7,346  
Ending Balance, net
    736       713  
Add: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable
    196       211  
 
           
Ending Balance
  $ 932     $ 924  
 
           
Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable reflect amounts due from reinsurers and policyholders to cover incurred but not reported and pending claims for minimum premium products and certain administrative services only business where the right of offset does not exist. See Note 11 for additional information on reinsurance. For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, actual experience differed from the Company’s key assumptions resulting in favorable incurred claims related to prior years’ medical claims payable of $39 million, or 0.5% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended December 31, 2008. Actual completion factors resulted in a reduction in medical claims payable of $18 million, or 0.2% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended December 31, 2008 for the insured book of business. Actual medical cost trend resulted in a reduction in medical claims payable of $21 million, or 0.3% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended December 31, 2008 for the insured book of business.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, actual experience differed from the Company’s key assumptions, resulting in favorable incurred claims related to prior years’ medical claims payable of $60 million, or 0.9% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended December 31, 2007. Actual completion factors resulted in a reduction of the medical claims payable of $29 million, or 0.4% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended December 31, 2007 for the insured book of business. Actual medical cost trend resulted in a reduction of the medical claims payable of $31 million, or 0.5% of the current year incurred claims as reported for the year ended December 31, 2007 for the insured book of business.
The favorable impacts in 2009 and 2008 relating to completion factors and medical cost trend variances are primarily due to the release of the provision for moderately adverse conditions, which is a component of the assumptions for both completion factors and medical cost trend, established for claims incurred related to prior years. This release was substantially offset by the provision for moderately adverse conditions established for claims incurred related to the current year.
The corresponding impact of prior year development on shareholders’ net income was not material for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. The change in the amount of the incurred claims related to prior years in the medical claims payable liability does not directly correspond to an increase or decrease in the Company’s shareholders’ net income recognized for the following reasons:
First, due to the nature of the Company’s retrospectively experience-rated business, only adjustments to medical claims payable on accounts in deficit affect shareholders’ net income. An increase or decrease to medical claims payable on accounts in deficit, in effect, accrues to the Company and directly impacts shareholders’ net income. An account is in deficit when the accumulated medical costs and administrative charges, including profit charges, exceed the accumulated premium received. Adjustments to medical claims payable on accounts in surplus accrue directly to the policyholder with no impact on the Company’s shareholders’ net income. An account is in surplus when the accumulated premium received exceeds the accumulated medical costs and administrative charges, including profit charges.

12

Second, the Company consistently recognizes the actuarial best estimate of the ultimate liability within a level of confidence, as required by actuarial standards of practice, which require that the liabilities be adequate under moderately adverse conditions. As the Company establishes the liability for each incurral year, the Company ensures that its assumptions appropriately consider moderately adverse conditions. When a portion of the development related to the prior year incurred claims is offset by an increase determined appropriate to address moderately adverse conditions for the current year incurred claims, the Company does not consider that offset amount as having any impact on shareholders’ net income.
The determination of liabilities for Health Care medical claims payable required the Company to make critical accounting estimates. See Note 2(O) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2008 Form 10-K.
Note 6 — Cost Reduction
During 2009, the Company continued its previously announced comprehensive review to reduce the operating expenses of its ongoing businesses. As a result, the Company recognized severance related charges in other operating expenses as follows:
  during the third quarter of 2009, a charge of $10 million pre-tax ($7 million after-tax), for severance resulting from reductions of approximately 230 positions in its workforce; and
  during the second quarter of 2009, a charge of $14 million pre-tax ($9 million after-tax), for severance resulting from reductions of approximately 480 positions in its workforce.
Substantially all of these charges were recorded in the Health Care segment, and are expected to be paid in cash by June 30, 2010.
Cost reduction activity for 2009 was as follows:
                         
(In millions)   Severance     Real estate     Total  
Balance, January 1, 2009
  $ 44     $ 11     $ 55  
Add: Second quarter 2009 charge
    14             14  
Add: Third quarter 2009 charge
    10             10  
 
                 
Subtotal — cost reduction actions
    68       11       79  
Less: Payments
    36       3       39  
 
                 
Balance, September 30, 2009
  $ 32     $ 8     $ 40  
 
                 
Note 7 — Guaranteed Minimum Death Benefit Contracts
The Company’s reinsurance operations, which were discontinued in 2000 and are now an inactive business in run-off mode, reinsured guaranteed minimum death benefits (GMDB), also known as variable annuity death benefits (VADBe), under certain variable annuities issued by other insurance companies. These variable annuities are essentially investments in mutual funds combined with a death benefit. The Company has equity and other market exposures as a result of this product. In periods of declining equity markets and in periods of flat equity markets following a decline, the Company’s liabilities for these guaranteed minimum death benefits increase. Conversely, in periods of rising equity markets, the Company’s liabilities for these guaranteed minimum death benefits decrease.
In order to substantially reduce the equity market exposures relating to guaranteed minimum death benefit contracts, the Company operates a dynamic hedge program (GMDB equity hedge program), using exchange-traded futures contracts. The hedge program is designed to substantially offset both positive and negative impacts of changes in equity markets on the GMDB liability. The hedge program involves detailed, daily monitoring of equity market movements and rebalancing the futures contracts within established parameters. While the hedge program is actively managed, it may not exactly offset changes in the GMDB liability due to, among other things, divergence between the performance of the underlying mutual funds and the hedge instruments, high levels of volatility in the equity markets, and differences between actual contractholder behavior and what is assumed. In addition, underlying mutual fund data is not reported and incorporated into the required hedge position on a real time basis, which also impacts the performance of the hedge program. Although this hedge program does not qualify for GAAP hedge accounting, it is an economic hedge because it is designed and operated to substantially reduce equity market exposures resulting from this product. The results of these futures contracts are included in other revenue and amounts reflecting corresponding changes in liabilities for these GMDB contracts are included in benefits and expenses, consistent with GAAP when a premium deficiency exists.

13

The GMDB reinsurance business is considered premium deficient because the expected present value of future claims and expenses exceeds the expected present value of future premiums and investment income using revised assumptions based on actual and expected experience. The Company performs a reserve review on a quarterly basis using current market conditions and assumptions. Under premium deficiency accounting if the recorded reserve is determined insufficient, an increase to the reserve is reflected as a charge to current period income. Consistent with GAAP, the Company does not recognize gains on premium deficient long duration products.
The Company had future policy benefit reserves for GMDB contracts of $1.4 billion as of September 30, 2009, and $1.6 billion as of December 31, 2008. The determination of liabilities for GMDB requires the Company to make critical accounting estimates. The Company estimates its liabilities for GMDB exposures using a complex internal model run using many scenarios and based on assumptions regarding lapse, future partial surrenders, mortality, interest rates (mean investment performance and discount rate) and volatility. Lapse refers to the full surrender of an annuity prior to a contractholder’s death. Future partial surrender refers to the fact that most contractholders have the ability to withdraw substantially all of their mutual fund investments while retaining the death benefit coverage in effect at the time of the withdrawal. Mean investment performance refers to market rates to be earned over the life of the GMDB equity hedge program, and market volatility refers to market fluctuation. These assumptions are based on the Company’s experience and future expectations over the long-term period, consistent with the long-term nature of this product. The Company regularly evaluates these assumptions and changes its estimates if actual experience or other evidence suggests that assumptions should be revised. If actual experience differs from the assumptions (including lapse, future partial surrenders, mortality, interest rates and volatility) used in estimating these liabilities, the result could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and in certain situations, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition.
The following provides information about the Company’s reserving methodology and assumptions for GMDB as of September 30, 2009:
  The reserve represents estimates of the present value of net amounts expected to be paid, less the present value of net future premiums. Included in net amounts expected to be paid is the excess of the guaranteed death benefits over the values of the contractholders’ accounts (based on underlying equity and bond mutual fund investments).
  The reserve includes an estimate for future partial surrenders that essentially lock in the death benefit for a particular policy based on annual election rates that vary from 0-20% depending on the net amount at risk for each policy and whether surrender charges apply.
  The mean investment performance assumption is 5% considering the Company’s GMDB equity hedge program using futures contracts. This is reduced by fund fees ranging from 1-3% across all funds. The results of futures contracts are reflected in the liability calculation as a component of investment returns.
  The volatility assumption is based on a review of historical monthly returns for each key index (e.g. S&P 500) over a period of at least ten years. Volatility represents the dispersion of historical returns compared to the average historical return (standard deviation) for each index. The assumption is 16-30%, varying by equity fund type; 4-10%, varying by bond fund type; and 2% for money market funds. These volatility assumptions are used along with the mean investment performance assumption to project future return scenarios.
  The discount rate is 5.75%.
  The mortality assumption is 70-75% of the 1994 Group Annuity Mortality table, with 1% annual improvement beginning January 1, 2000.
  The annual lapse rate assumption is 0-21%, depending on contract type, policy duration and the ratio of the net amount at risk to account value.
  The reserve includes a provision for future policy maintenance and hedging expenses.

14

Although the year to date results include a first quarter charge of $73 million pre-tax ($47 million after-tax) to strengthen GMDB reserves, no additional reserve strengthening has been required for GMDB since the first quarter of 2009, primarily due to the stabilization and recovery of equity markets. The components of the first quarter charge were:
  adverse impacts of overall market declines of $50 million pre-tax ($32 million after-tax). This is comprised of (a) $39 million pre-tax ($25 million after-tax) primarily related to the provision for future partial surrenders, and (b) $11 million pre-tax ($7 million after-tax) related to declines in the values of contractholders’ non-equity investments such as bond funds, neither of which is included in the GMDB equity hedge program;
  adverse volatility-related impacts of $11 million pre-tax ($7 million after-tax) due to turbulent equity market conditions, including higher than expected claims and the performance of the diverse mix of equity fund investments held by contractholders being different than expected; and
  adverse interest rate impacts of $12 million pre-tax ($8 million after-tax). Interest rate risk is not covered by the GMDB equity hedge program, and the interest rate returns on the futures contracts were less than the Company’s long-term assumption for mean investment performance.
Activity in future policy benefit reserves for the GMDB business was as follows:
                 
    For the period ended  
    September 30,     December 31,  
(In millions)   2009     2008  
Balance at January 1
  $ 1,609     $ 848  
Add: Unpaid Claims
    34       21  
Less: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable
    83       19  
 
           
Balance at January 1, net
    1,560       850  
Add: Incurred benefits
    (86 )     822  
Less: Paid benefits
    139       112  
 
           
Ending balance, net
    1,335       1,560  
Less: Unpaid Claims
    39       34  
Add: Reinsurance and other amounts recoverable
    56       83  
 
           
Ending balance
  $ 1,352     $ 1,609  
 
           
Benefits paid and incurred are net of ceded amounts. Incurred benefits reflect the favorable or unfavorable impact of a rising or falling equity market on the liability, and include the charges discussed above. As discussed below, losses or gains have been recorded in other revenues as a result of the GMDB equity hedge program to reduce equity market exposures.
As of September 30, 2009, the aggregate value of the underlying mutual fund investments was $17.1 billion. The death benefit coverage in force as of that date (representing the estimated amount of death claims that the Company would have to pay if all of the approximately 600,000 contractholders had submitted death claims as of that date) was $7.7 billion. As of December 31, 2008, the aggregate value of the underlying mutual fund investments was $16.3 billion. The death benefit coverage in force as of that date (representing the estimated amount of death claims that the Company would have to pay if all of the approximately 650,000 contractholders had submitted death claims as of that date) was $11.1 billion. The death benefit coverage in force represents the excess of the guaranteed benefit amount over the value of the underlying mutual fund investments.
As discussed above, the Company operates a GMDB equity hedge program to substantially reduce the equity market exposures of this business by selling exchange-traded futures contracts, which are expected to rise in value as the equity market declines and decline in value as the equity market rises. In addition, the Company uses foreign currency futures contracts to reduce the international equity market and foreign currency risks associated with this business. The notional amount of futures contract positions held by the Company at September 30, 2009 was $1.2 billion. The Company recorded in other revenues pre-tax losses of $161 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and $232 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, and pre-tax gains of $70 million for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and $118 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.
The Company has also written reinsurance contracts with issuers of variable annuity contracts that provide annuitants with certain guarantees related to minimum income benefits (GMIB). All reinsured GMIB policies also have a GMDB benefit reinsured by the Company. See Note 8 for further information.

15

Note 8 — Fair Value Measurements
The Company carries certain financial instruments at fair value in the financial statements including fixed maturities, equity securities, short-term investments and derivatives. Other financial instruments are measured at fair value under certain conditions, such as when impaired or, for commercial mortgage loans, when classified as “held for sale.”
Fair value is defined as the price at which an asset could be exchanged in an orderly transaction between market participants at the balance sheet date. A liability’s fair value is defined as the amount that would be paid to transfer the liability to a market participant, not the amount that would be paid to settle the liability with the creditor.
Fair values are based on quoted market prices when available. When market prices are not available, fair value is generally estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, incorporating current market inputs for similar financial instruments with comparable terms and credit quality. In instances where there is little or no market activity for the same or similar instruments, the Company estimates fair value using methods, models and assumptions that the Company believes a hypothetical market participant would use to determine a current transaction price. These valuation techniques involve some level of estimation and judgment by the Company which becomes significant with increasingly complex instruments or pricing models. Where appropriate, adjustments are included to reflect the risk inherent in a particular methodology, model or input used.
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value have been classified based upon a hierarchy defined by GAAP. The hierarchy gives the highest ranking to fair values determined using unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest ranking to fair values determined using methodologies and models with unobservable inputs (Level 3). An asset’s or a liability’s classification is based on the lowest level input that is significant to its measurement. For example, a Level 3 fair value measurement may include inputs that are both observable (Levels 1 and 2) and unobservable (Level 3). The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
  Level 1 — Values are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets accessible at the measurement date. Active markets provide pricing data for trades occurring at least weekly and include exchanges and dealer markets.
  Level 2 — Inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices from those willing to trade in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by market data for the term of the instrument. Such inputs include market interest rates and volatilities, spreads and yield curves. An instrument is classified in Level 2 if the Company determines that unobservable inputs are insignificant.
  Level 3 — Certain inputs are unobservable (supported by little or no market activity) and significant to the fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s best estimate of what hypothetical market participants would use to determine a transaction price for the asset or liability at the reporting date.

16

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Carried at Fair Value
The following tables provide information as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value. Similar disclosures for separate account assets, which are also recorded at fair value on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, are provided separately as gains and losses related to these assets generally accrue directly to policyholders.
September 30, 2009
                                 
    Quoted Prices in             Significant        
    Active Markets for     Significant Other     Unobservable        
    Identical Assets     Observable Inputs     Inputs        
(In millions)   (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)     Total  
Financial assets at fair value:
                               
Fixed maturities:
                               
Federal government and agency
  $ 44     $ 577     $ 1     $ 622  
State and local government
          2,566             2,566  
Foreign government
          1,040       17       1,057  
Corporate
          8,041       489       8,530  
Federal agency mortgage-backed
          35             35  
Other mortgage-backed
          117       6       123  
Other asset-backed
          92       463       555  
 
                       
Total fixed maturities (1)
    44       12,468       976       13,488  
Equity securities
    2       78       24       104  
 
                       
Subtotal
    46       12,546       1,000       13,592  
Short-term investments
          201             201  
GMIB assets (2)
                614       614  
Other derivative assets (3)
          19             19  
 
                       
Total financial assets at fair value, excluding separate accounts
  $ 46     $ 12,766     $ 1,614     $ 14,426  
 
                       
Financial liabilities at fair value:
                               
GMIB liabilities
  $     $     $ 1,126     $ 1,126  
Other derivative liabilities
          28             28  
 
                       
Total financial liabilities at fair value
  $     $ 28     $ 1,126     $ 1,154  
 
                       
     
(1)   Fixed maturities includes $392 million of net appreciation required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business including $60 million of appreciation for securities classified in Level 3.
 
(2)   The Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit (GMIB) assets represent retrocessional contracts in place from two external reinsurers which cover 55% of the exposures on these contracts. The assets are net of a liability of $14 million for the future cost of reinsurance.
 
(3)   Other derivative assets includes $15 million of interest rate and foreign currency swaps qualifying as cash flow hedges and $4 million of interest rate swaps not designated as accounting hedges.

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December 31, 2008
                                 
    Quoted Prices in     Significant              
    Active Markets     Other     Significant        
    for Identical     Observable     Unobservable        
    Assets     Inputs     Inputs        
(In millions)   (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)     Total  
Financial assets at fair value:
                               
Fixed maturities:
                               
Federal government and agency
  $ 38     $ 724     $     $ 762  
State and local government
          2,486             2,486  
Foreign government
          923       21       944  
Corporate
          6,526       330       6,856  
Federal agency mortgage-backed
          37             37  
Other mortgage-backed
          121       4       125  
Other asset-backed
          57       514       571  
 
                       
Total fixed maturities (1)
    38       10,874       869       11,781  
Equity securities
    8       84       20       112  
 
                       
Subtotal
    46       10,958       889       11,893  
Short-term investments
          236             236  
GMIB assets (2)
                953       953  
Other derivative assets (3)
          45             45  
 
                       
Total financial assets at fair value, excluding separate accounts
  $ 46     $ 11,239     $ 1,842     $ 13,127  
 
                       
Financial liabilities at fair value:
                               
GMIB liabilities
  $     $     $ 1,757     $ 1,757  
Other derivative liabilities
          36             36  
 
                       
Total financial liabilities at fair value
  $     $ 36     $ 1,757     $ 1,793  
 
                       
     
(1)   Fixed maturities includes $514 million of net appreciation required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business including $111 million of appreciation for securities classified in Level 3.
 
(2)   The Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit (GMIB) assets represent retrocessional contracts in place from two external reinsurers which cover 55% of the exposures on these contracts. The assets are net of a liability of $17 million for the future cost of reinsurance.
 
(3)   Other derivative assets include $40 million of interest rate and foreign currency swaps qualifying as cash flow hedges and $5 million of interest rate swaps not designated as accounting hedges.
Level 1 Financial Assets
Assets in Level 1 include actively-traded U.S. government bonds and exchange-listed equity securities. Given the narrow definition of Level 1 and the Company’s investment asset strategy to maximize investment returns, a relatively small portion of the Company’s investment assets are classified in this category.
Level 2 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
Fixed maturities and equity securities. Approximately 92% of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities and equity securities are classified in Level 2 including most public and private corporate debt and equity securities, federal agency and municipal bonds, non-government mortgage-backed securities and preferred stocks. Because many fixed maturities and preferred stocks do not trade daily, fair values are often derived using recent trades of securities with similar features and characteristics. When recent trades are not available, pricing models are used to determine these prices. These models calculate fair values by discounting future cash flows at estimated market interest rates. Such market rates are derived by calculating the appropriate spreads over comparable U.S. Treasury securities, based on the credit quality, industry and structure of the asset.
Typical inputs and assumptions to pricing models include, but are not limited to, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, issuer spreads, liquidity, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, and industry and economic events. For mortgage-backed securities, inputs and assumptions may also include characteristics of the issuer, collateral attributes, prepayment speeds and credit rating.

18

Short-term investments. Short-term investments are carried at fair value, which approximates cost. On a regular basis the Company compares market prices for these securities to recorded amounts to validate that current carrying amounts approximate exit prices. The short-term nature of the investments and corroboration of the reported amounts over the holding period support their classification in Level 2.
Other derivatives. Amounts classified in Level 2 represent over-the-counter instruments such as interest rate and foreign currency swap contracts. Fair values for these instruments are determined using market observable inputs including forward currency and interest rate curves and widely published market observable indices. Credit risk related to the counterparty and the Company is considered when estimating the fair values of these derivatives. However, the Company is largely protected by collateral arrangements with counterparties, and determined that no adjustment for credit risk was required as of September 30, 2009 or December 31, 2008. The nature and use of these other derivatives are described in Note 10.
Level 3 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
The Company classifies certain newly issued, privately placed, complex or illiquid securities, as well as assets and liabilities relating to GMIB in Level 3.
Fixed maturities and equity securities. Approximately 7% of fixed maturities and equity securities are priced using significant unobservable inputs and classified in this category, including:
                 
    September 30,     December 31,  
(In millions)   2009     2008  
Mortgage and asset-backed securities
  $ 469     $ 518  
Primarily private corporate bonds
    434       270  
Subordinated loans and private equity investments
    97       101  
 
           
Total
  $ 1,000     $ 889  
 
           
Fair values of mortgage and asset-backed securities and corporate bonds are determined using pricing models that incorporate the specific characteristics of each asset and related assumptions including the investment type and structure, credit quality, industry and maturity date in comparison to current market indices, spreads and liquidity of assets with similar characteristics. For mortgage and asset-backed securities, inputs and assumptions to pricing may also include collateral attributes and prepayment speeds. Recent trades in the subject security or similar securities are assessed when available, and the Company may also review published research as well as the issuer’s financial statements in its evaluation. Subordinated loans and private equity investments are valued at transaction price in the absence of market data indicating a change in the estimated fair values.
Guaranteed minimum income benefit contracts. Because cash flows of the GMIB liabilities and assets are affected by equity markets and interest rates but are without significant life insurance risk and are settled in lump sum payments, the Company reports these liabilities and assets as derivatives at fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of the assets and liabilities for GMIB contracts using assumptions regarding capital markets (including market returns, interest rates and market volatilities of the underlying equity and bond mutual fund investments), future annuitant and retrocessionaire behavior (including mortality, lapse, annuity election rates and retrocessional credit), as well as risk and profit charges. At adoption of the FASB’s new guidance for fair value measurements in 2008, the Company updated assumptions to reflect those that the Company believes a hypothetical market participant would use to determine a current exit price for these contracts, and recorded a charge to shareholders’ net income as described in Note 2. As certain assumptions used to estimate fair values for these contracts are largely unobservable, the Company classifies GMIB assets and liabilities in Level 3. The Company considered the following in determining the view of a hypothetical market participant:
  that the most likely transfer of these assets and liabilities would be through a reinsurance transaction with an independent insurer having a market capitalization and credit rating similar to that of the Company; and
  that because this block of contracts is in run-off mode, an insurer looking to acquire these contracts would have similar existing contracts with related administrative and risk management capabilities.

19

These GMIB assets and liabilities are estimated with a complex internal model using many scenarios to determine the present value of net amounts expected to be paid, less the present value of net future premiums expected to be received adjusted for risk and profit charges that the Company estimates a hypothetical market participant would require to assume this business. Net amounts expected to be paid include the excess of the expected value of the income benefits over the values of the annuitants’ accounts at the time of annuitization. Generally, market return, interest rate and volatility assumptions are based on market observable information. Assumptions related to annuitant behavior reflect the Company’s belief that a hypothetical market participant would consider the actual and expected experience of the Company as well as other relevant and available industry resources in setting policyholder behavior assumptions. The significant assumptions used to value the GMIB assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2009 were as follows:
  The market return and discount rate assumptions are based on the market-observable LIBOR swap curve.
 
  The projected interest rate used to calculate the reinsured income benefits is indexed to the 7-year Treasury Rate at the time of annuitization (claim interest rate) based on contractual terms. That rate was 2.93% at September 30, 2009 and must be projected for future time periods. These projected rates vary by economic scenario and are determined by an interest rate model using current interest rate curves and the prices of instruments available in the market including various interest rate caps and zero-coupon bonds. For a subset of the business, there is a contractually guaranteed floor of 3% for the claim interest rate.
 
  The market volatility assumptions for annuitants’ underlying mutual fund investments that are modeled based on the S&P 500, Russell 2000 and NASDAQ Composite are based on the market-implied volatility for these indices for three to seven years grading to historical volatility levels thereafter. For the remaining 57% of underlying mutual fund investments modeled based on other indices (with insufficient market-observable data), volatility is based on the average historical level for each index over the past 10 years. Using this approach, volatility ranges from 17% to 33% for equity funds, 4% to 11% for bond funds and 1% to 2% for money market funds.
 
  The mortality assumption is 70% of the 1994 Group Annuity Mortality table, with 1% annual improvement beginning January 1, 2000.
 
  The annual lapse rate assumption reflects experience that differs by the company issuing the underlying variable annuity contracts, ranges from 2% to 23% and depends on the time since contract issue and the relative value of the guarantee.
 
  The annual annuity election rate assumption reflects experience that differs by the company issuing the underlying variable annuity contracts and depends on the annuitant’s age, the relative value of the guarantee and whether a contractholder has had a previous opportunity to elect the benefit. Immediately after the expiration of the waiting period, the assumed probability that an individual will annuitize their variable annuity contract is up to 80%. For the second and subsequent annual opportunities to elect the benefit, the assumed probability of election is up to 30%. Actual data is still emerging for the Company as well as the industry and the estimates are based on this limited data.
 
  The risk and profit charge assumption is based on the Company’s estimate of the capital and return on capital that would be required by a hypothetical market participant.
In addition, the Company has considered other assumptions related to model, expense and nonperformance risk in calculating the GMIB liability.
The Company regularly evaluates each of the assumptions used in establishing these assets and liabilities by considering how a hypothetical market participant would set assumptions at each valuation date. Capital markets assumptions are expected to change at each valuation date reflecting current observable market conditions. Other assumptions may also change based on a hypothetical market participant’s view of actual experience as it emerges over time or other factors that impact the net liability. If the emergence of future experience or future assumptions differs from the assumptions used in estimating these assets and liabilities, the resulting impact could be material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, and in certain situations, could be material to the Company’s financial condition.
GMIB liabilities are reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities. GMIB assets associated with these contracts represent net receivables in connection with reinsurance that the Company has purchased from two external reinsurers and are reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other assets, including other intangibles. As of September 30, 2009, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) has given a financial strength rating of AA to one reinsurer and a financial strength rating of A- to the parent company that guarantees the receivable from the other reinsurer.

20

Changes in Level 3 Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Carried at Fair Value
The following tables summarize the changes in financial assets and financial liabilities classified in Level 3 for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. These tables exclude separate account assets as changes in fair values of these assets accrue directly to policyholders. Gains and losses reported in these tables may include changes in fair value that are attributable to both observable and unobservable inputs.
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
                                 
    Fixed Maturities &                    
(In millions)   Equity Securities     GMIB Assets     GMIB Liabilities     GMIB Net  
Balance at 7/1/09
  $ 923     $ 685     $ (1,224 )   $ (539 )
 
                       
Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:
                               
Results of GMIB
          (27 )     46       19  
Other
    (9 )                  
 
                       
Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income
    (9 )     (27 )     46       19  
 
                       
Gains included in other comprehensive income
    36                    
Gains required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)
    56                    
Purchases, issuances, settlements
    7       (44 )     52       8  
Transfers out of Level 3
    (13 )                  
 
                       
Balance at 9/30/09
  $ 1,000     $ 614     $ (1,126 )   $ (512 )
 
                       
Total gains (losses) included in income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date
  $ (9 )   $ (27 )   $ 46     $ 19  
 
                       
     
(1)   Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.
For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2008
                                 
    Fixed Maturities &                    
(In millions)   Equity Securities     GMIB Assets     GMIB Liabilities     GMIB Net  
Balance at 7/1/08
  $ 695     $ 447     $ (836 )   $ (389 )
 
                       
Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:
                               
Results of GMIB, excluding adoption effect
          123       (221 )     (98 )
Other
    4                    
 
                       
Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income
    4       123       (221 )     (98 )
 
                       
Gains included in other comprehensive income
    3                    
Gains required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)
    41                    
Purchases, issuances, settlements
    (9 )     (18 )     25       7  
Transfers into Level 3
    15                    
 
                       
Balance at 9/30/08
  $ 749     $ 552     $ (1,032 )   $ (480 )
 
                       
Total gains (losses) included in income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date
  $ 3     $ 123     $ (221 )   $ (98 )
 
                       
     
(1)   Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.

21

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
                                 
    Fixed Maturities &                    
(In millions)   Equity Securities     GMIB Assets     GMIB Liabilities     GMIB Net  
Balance at 1/1/09
  $ 889     $ 953     $ (1,757 )   $ (804 )
 
                       
Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:
                               
Results of GMIB
          (263 )     478       215  
Other
    (19 )                  
 
                       
Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income
    (19 )     (263 )     478       215  
 
                       
Gains included in other comprehensive income
    46                    
Losses required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)
    (51 )                  
Purchases, issuances, settlements
    (3 )     (76 )     153       77  
Transfers into Level 3
    138                    
 
                       
Balance at 9/30/09
  $ 1,000     $ 614     $ (1,126 )   $ (512 )
 
                       
Total gains (losses) included in income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date
  $ (19 )   $ (263 )   $ 478     $ 215  
 
                       
     
(1)   Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008
                                 
    Fixed Maturities &                    
(In millions)   Equity Securities     GMIB Assets     GMIB Liabilities     GMIB Net  
Balance at 1/1/08
  $ 732     $ 173     $ (313 )   $ (140 )
 
                       
Gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income:
                               
Effect of adoption of new fair value measurement guidance
          244       (446 )     (202 )
Results of GMIB, excluding adoption effect
          190       (341 )     (151 )
Other
    3                    
 
                       
Total gains (losses) included in shareholders’ net income
    3       434       (787 )     (353 )
 
                       
Gains required to adjust future policy benefits for settlement annuities (1)
    7                    
Purchases, issuances, settlements
    2       (55 )     68       13  
Transfers into Level 3
    5                    
 
                       
Balance at 9/30/08
  $ 749     $ 552     $ (1,032 )   $ (480 )
 
                       
Total gains (losses) included in income attributable to instruments held at the reporting date
  $ 6     $ 434     $ (787 )   $ (353 )
 
                       
     
(1)   Amounts do not accrue to shareholders.
As noted in the tables above, total gains and losses included in shareholders’ net income are reflected in the following captions in the Consolidated Statements of Income:
  other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities, net; other realized investment gains (losses) and net investment income for amounts related to fixed maturities and equity securities; and
  guaranteed minimum income benefits (income) expense for amounts related to GMIB assets and liabilities.
Reclassifications impacting Level 3 financial instruments are reported as transfers in or out of the Level 3 category as of the beginning of the quarter in which the transfer occurs. Therefore gains and losses in income only reflect activity for the period the instrument was classified in Level 3. Typically, investments that transfer out of Level 3 are classified in Level 2 as market data on the securities becomes more readily available.

22

The company provided reinsurance for insurance companies that offer a guaranteed minimum income benefit, and then retroceded a portion of the risk to other insurance companies. Because these GMIB reinsurance arrangements remain in effect at the reporting date, the Company has reflected the total gain or loss for the period as the total gain or loss included in income attributable to instruments still held at the reporting date. However, the Company reduces the GMIB assets and liabilities resulting from these reinsurance arrangements when annuitants lapse, die, elect their benefit, or reach the age after which the right to elect their benefit expires.
Under FASB’s guidance for fair value measurements, the Company’s GMIB assets and liabilities are expected to be volatile in future periods because the underlying assumptions will be based largely on market-observable inputs at the close of each reporting period including interest rates and market-implied volatilities.
The net pre-tax gain for GMIB was $19 million for the three months ended September 30, 2009, and was primarily due to the following factors:
  increases in underlying account values in the period, driven by favorable equity market and bond fund returns, resulting in reduced exposures ($50 million); and
  updates to the risk and profit charge estimates ($7 million)
These favorable effects were partially offset by:
  decreases in interest rates ($31 million); and
  other amounts, including experience varying from assumptions, model and in-force updates ($7 million)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2009, the net pre-tax gain for GMIB was $215 million, and was primarily due to the following factors:
  increases in interest rates ($175 million);
  increases in underlying account values in the period, driven by favorable equity market and bond fund returns, resulting in reduced exposures ($82 million); and
  updates to the risk and profit charge estimates ($25 million).
These favorable effects were partially offset by:
  increases to the annuitization assumption, reflecting higher utilization experience ($21 million);
  updates to the lapse assumption ($14 million); and
  other amounts, including experience varying from assumptions, model and in-force updates ($32 million).
For the three months ended September 30, 2008, the increase in the net GMIB liability was primarily driven by the decline in underlying account values in the period, driven by declines in equity markets and bond fund returns and decreases in interest rates since June 30, 2008. Excluding the charge for the effect of adoption of FASB’s guidance for fair value measurement, the increase in the net GMIB liability for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was primarily driven by the impact of declines in underlying account values in the period, driven by declines in equity markets and bond fund returns, resulting in increased exposure and decreases in interest rates since December 31, 2007.

23

Separate account assets
Fair values and changes in the fair values of separate account assets generally accrue directly to the policyholders and are excluded from the Company’s revenues and expenses. As of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 separate account assets were as follows:
September 30, 2009
                                 
    Quoted Prices in             Significant        
    Active Markets for     Significant Other     Unobservable        
    Identical Assets     Observable Inputs     Inputs        
(In millions)   (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)     Total  
Guaranteed separate accounts (See Note 17)
  $ 265     $ 1,538     $     $ 1,803  
Non-guaranteed separate accounts (1)
    1,660       2,917       584       5,161  
 
                       
Total separate account assets
  $ 1,925     $ 4,455     $ 584     $ 6,964  
 
                       
     
(1)   Non-guaranteed separate accounts include $2.3 billion in assets supporting the Company’s pension plans, including $553 million classified in Level 3.
December 31, 2008
                                 
    Quoted Prices in             Significant        
    Active Markets for     Significant Other     Unobservable        
    Identical Assets     Observable Inputs     Inputs        
(In millions)   (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)     Total  
Guaranteed separate accounts (See Note 17)
  $ 233     $ 1,557     $     $ 1,790  
Non-guaranteed separate accounts (1)
    1,093       2,506       475       4,074  
 
                       
Total separate account assets
  $ 1,326     $ 4,063     $ 475     $ 5,864  
 
                       
     
(1)   Non-guaranteed separate accounts include $1.5 billion in assets supporting the Company’s pension plans, including $435 million classified in Level 3.
Separate account assets in Level 1 include exchange-listed equity securities. Level 2 assets primarily include:
  equity securities and corporate and structured bonds valued using recent trades of similar securities or pricing models that discount future cash flows at estimated market interest rates as described above; and
  actively-traded institutional and retail mutual fund investments and separate accounts priced using the daily net asset value which is their exit price.
Separate account assets classified in Level 3 include investments primarily in securities partnerships and real estate generally valued based on the separate account’s ownership share of the equity of the investee including changes in the fair values of its underlying investments.

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The following tables summarize the changes in separate account assets reported in Level 3 for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.
                 
    Three Months Ended  
    September 30,  
(In millions)   2009     2008  
Balance at 7/1
  $ 625     $ 417  
Policyholder gains (losses) (1)
    (18 )     1  
Purchases, issuances, settlements
    (23 )     13  
Transfers out of Level 3
          (2 )
 
           
Balance at 9/30
  $ 584     $ 429  
 
           
     
(1)   Includes losses of $20 million and gains of $1 million attributable to instruments still held at September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008 respectively.
                 
    Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,  
(In millions)   2009     2008  
Balance at 1/1
  $ 475     $ 403  
Policyholder gains (losses) (1)
    (85 )     21  
Purchases, issuances, settlements
    34       22  
Transfers in (out) of Level 3
    160       (17 )
 
           
Balance at 9/30
  $ 584     $ 429  
 
           
     
(1)   Includes losses of $88 million and gains of $6 million attributable to instruments still held at September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008 respectively.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value under Certain Conditions
Some financial assets and liabilities are not carried at fair value each reporting period, but may be measured using fair value only under certain conditions, such as investments in real estate entities when they become impaired. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, impaired real estate entities carried at cost of $41 million were written down to their fair values of $8 million, resulting in realized investment losses of $33 million. These fair value measurements were based on discounted cash flow analyses using significant unobservable inputs, and were classified in Level 3. For the three months ended September 30, 2009 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, the amounts required to adjust these assets and liabilities to their fair values were not significant.

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Fair Value Disclosures for Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
Most financial instruments that are subject to fair value disclosure requirements are carried in the Company’s consolidated financial statements at amounts that approximate fair value. The following table provides the fair values and carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments not recorded at fair value that are subject to fair value disclosure requirements at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008:
                                 
(In millions)   September 30, 2009     December 31, 2008  
            Carrying             Carrying  
    Fair Value     Value     Fair Value     Value  
Commercial mortgage loans
  $ 3,393     $ 3,607     $ 3,401     $ 3,617  
Contractholder deposit funds, excluding universal life products
  $ 932     $ 934     $ 889     $ 915  
Long-term debt, excluding capital leases
  $ 2,430     $ 2,427     $ 1,684     $ 2,077  
The fair values presented in the table above have been estimated using market information when available. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies and inputs used by the Company to determine fair value.
Commercial mortgage loans. The Company estimates the fair value of commercial mortgage loans generally by discounting the contractual cash flows at estimated market interest rates that reflect the Company’s assessment of the credit quality of the loans. Market interest rates are derived by calculating the appropriate spread over comparable U.S. Treasury rates, based on the property type, quality rating and average life of the loan. The quality ratings reflect the relative risk of the loan, considering debt service coverage, the loan to value ratio and other factors. Fair values of impaired mortgage loans are based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral generally determined using an internal discounted cash flow model.
Contractholder deposit funds, excluding universal life products. Generally, these funds do not have stated maturities. Approximately 45% of these balances can be withdrawn by the customer at any time without prior notice or penalty. The fair value for these contracts is the amount estimated to be payable to the customer as of the reporting date, which is generally the carrying value. Most of the remaining contractholder deposit funds are reinsured by the buyers of the individual life and annuity and retirement benefits businesses. The fair value for these contracts is determined using the fair value of these buyers’ assets supporting these reinsured contracts. The Company had a reinsurance recoverable equal to the carrying value of these reinsured contracts.
Long-term debt, excluding capital leases. The fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for recent trades. When quoted market prices are not available, fair value is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis and the Company’s estimated current borrowing rate for debt of similar terms and remaining maturities.
Fair values of off-balance-sheet financial instruments were not material.
Note 9 — Investments
Total Realized Investment Gains and Losses
The following total realized gains and losses on investments include other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities but exclude amounts required to adjust future policy benefits for the run-off settlement annuity business:
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
(In millions)   2009     2008     2009     2008  
Fixed maturities
  $ 2     $ (67 )   $ (9 )   $ (108 )
Equity securities
    16       (20 )     10       (19 )
Commercial mortgage loans
    (4 )     3       (4 )     1  
Other investments, including derivatives
          61       (37 )     98  
 
                       
Realized investment gains (losses), before income taxes
    14       (23 )     (40 )     (28 )
Less income taxes (benefits)
    5       (8 )     (16 )     (10 )
 
                       
Net realized investment gains (losses)
  $ 9     $ (15 )   $ (24 )   $ (18 )
 
                       

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Included in pre-tax realized investment gains (losses) above were other-than-temporary impairments on debt securities, asset write-downs and changes in valuation reserves as follows:
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
(in millions)   2009     2008     2009     2008  
Credit-related (1)
  $ 18     $ 23     $ 72     $ 27  
Other (2)
    3       40       12       64  
 
                       
Total
  $ 21     $ 63     $ 84     $ 91  
 
                       
     
(1)   Credit-related losses include other-than-temporary declines in value of fixed maturities and equity securities, and impairments of commercial mortgage loans and real estate entities. The amount related to credit losses on fixed maturities for which a portion of the impairment was recognized in other comprehensive income was not significant.
 
(2)   Prior to adoption of new GAAP guidance for other-than-temporary impairments on April 1, 2009, other primarily represented the impact of rising market yields on investments where the Company could not demonstrate the intent and ability to hold until recovery.
Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities
Securities in the following table are included in fixed maturities and equity securities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. These securities are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in other realized investment gains and interest and dividends reported in net investment income. The Company’s hybrid investments include preferred stock or debt securities with call or conversion features. The Company elected fair value accounting for certain hybrid securities to simplify accounting and mitigate volatility in results of operations and financial condition.
                 
    As of September 30,     As of December 31,  
(In millions)   2009     2008  
Included in fixed maturities:
               
Trading securities (amortized cost: $8; $13)
  $ 9     $ 13  
Hybrid securities (amortized cost: $32; $10)
    36       10  
 
           
Total
  $ 45     $ 23  
 
           
 
               
Included in equity securities:
               
Hybrid securities (amortized cost: $110; $123)
  $ 79     $ 84  
 
           
Fixed maturities and equity securities included $239 million at September 30, 2009, which were pledged as collateral to brokers as required under certain futures contracts. These fixed maturities and equity securities were primarily corporate securities.
The following information about fixed maturities excludes trading and hybrid securities. The amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity periods for fixed maturities were as follows at September 30, 2009:
                 
    Amortized     Fair  
(in millions)   Cost     Value  
Due in one year or less
  $ 692     $ 701  
Due after one year through five years
    3,813       4,023  
Due after five years through ten years
    4,770       5,094  
Due after ten years
    2,494       2,913  
Mortgage and other asset-backed securities
    662       712  
 
           
Total
  $ 12,431     $ 13,443  
 
           
Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties. Also, in some cases the Company may extend maturity dates.
Mortgage-backed assets consist principally of commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations of which $38 million were residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit, all of which were originated using standard underwriting practices and are not considered sub-prime loans.

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Gross unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on fixed maturities (excluding trading securities and hybrid securities) by type of issuer is shown below.
                                 
    September 30, 2009  
            Unrealized     Unrealized        
    Amortized     Appre-     Depre-     Fair  
(in millions)   Cost     ciation     ciation     Value  
Federal government and agency
  $ 394     $ 228     $     $ 622  
State and local government
    2,335       236       (5 )     2,566  
Foreign government
    1,017       45       (5 )     1,057  
Corporate
    8,023       570       (107 )     8,486  
Federal agency mortgage-backed
    33       2             35  
Other mortgage-backed
    132       4       (14 )     122  
Other asset-backed
    497       74       (16 )     555  
 
                       
Total
  $ 12,431     $ 1,159     $ (147 )   $ 13,443  
 
                       
The above table includes investments with a fair value of $2.4 billion supporting the Company’s run-off settlement annuity business, with gross unrealized appreciation of $439 million and gross unrealized depreciation of $47 million at September 30, 2009. Such unrealized amounts are required to support future policy benefit liabilities of this business and, as such, are not included in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Sales information for available-for-sale fixed maturities and equity securities were as follows:
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
(In millions)   2009     2008     2009     2008  
Proceeds from sales
  $ 266     $ 432     $ 676     $ 1,128  
Gross gains on sales
  $ 24     $ 3     $ 39     $ 8  
Gross losses on sales
  $ (5 )   $ (8 )   $ (8 )   $ (31 )
 
                       

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Review of declines in fair value. Management reviews fixed maturities and equity securities with a decline in fair value from cost for impairment based on criteria that include:
  length of time and severity of decline;
  financial health and specific near term prospects of the issuer;
  changes in the regulatory, economic or general market environment of the issuer’s industry or geographic region; and
  prior to April 1, 2009, the Company’s ability and intent to hold these fixed maturities until recovery; beginning April 1, 2009, the Company’s intent to sell or the likelihood of a required sale of these fixed maturities prior to their recovery.
When the Company determines it does not expect to recover the amortized cost basis of fixed maturities with declines in fair value (even if it does not intend to sell or will not be required to sell these fixed maturities), the credit portion of the impairment loss is recognized in net income and the non-credit portion, if any, is recognized in a separate component of shareholders’ equity. The credit portion is the difference between the amortized cost basis of the fixed maturity and the net present value of its projected future cash flows. Projected future cash flows are based on qualitative and quantitative factors, including probability of default, and the estimated timing and amount of recovery. For mortgage and asset-backed securities, estimated future cash flows are based on assumptions about the collateral attributes including prepayment speeds, default rates and changes in value.
Excluding trading and hybrid securities, as of September 30, 2009, fixed maturities with a decline in fair value from amortized cost (which were primarily investment grade corporate bonds) were as follows, including the length of time of such decline:
                                 
    Fair     Amortized     Unrealized     Number  
(In millions)   Value     Cost     Depreciation     of Issues  
Fixed maturities:
                               
One year or less:
                               
Investment grade
  $ 679     $ 706     $ (27 )     169  
Below investment grade
  $ 109     $ 119     $ (10 )     68  
More than one year:
                               
Investment grade
  $ 1,117     $ 1,212     $ (95 )     174  
Below investment grade
  $ 82     $ 97     $ (15 )     19  
 
                       
The unrealized depreciation of investment grade fixed maturities is primarily due to increases in market yields since purchase. Approximately $52 million of the unrealized depreciation is due to securities with a decline in value of greater than 20%. The remaining $95 million of the unrealized depreciation is due to securities with declines in value of less than 20%. There were no equity securities with a fair value significantly lower than cost as of September 30, 2009.
Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company’s investment strategy is to manage the characteristics and risks of investment assets (such as duration, yield, currency and liquidity) to meet the varying demands of the related insurance and contractholder liabilities (such as paying claims, investment returns and withdrawals). As part of this investment strategy, the Company typically uses derivatives to minimize interest rate, foreign currency and equity price risks of chosen investment assets to conform to the characteristics and risks of the related insurance and contractholder liabilities. The Company routinely monitors exposure to credit risk associated with derivatives and diversifies the portfolio among approved dealers of high credit quality to minimize credit risk. In addition, the Company has written or sold contracts to guarantee minimum income benefits and to enhance investment returns. See Note 7 for a discussion of derivatives associated with GMDB contracts and Note 8 for a discussion of derivatives arising from GMIB contracts.
The Company uses hedge accounting when derivatives are designated, qualify and are highly effective as hedges. Effectiveness is formally assessed and documented at inception and each period throughout the life of a hedge using various qualitative and quantitative methods appropriate for each hedge, including regression analysis and dollar offset. Under hedge accounting, the changes in fair value of the derivative and the hedged risk are generally recognized together and offset each other when reported in shareholders’ net income.

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The Company accounts for derivative instruments as follows:
  Derivatives are reported on the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair values reported in shareholders’ net income or accumulated other comprehensive income.
  Changes in the fair value of derivatives that hedge market risk related to future cash flows – and that qualify for hedge accounting – are reported in a separate caption in accumulated other comprehensive income. These hedges are referred to as cash flow hedges.
  A change in the fair value of a derivative instrument may not always equal the change in the fair value of the hedged item; this difference is referred to as hedge ineffectiveness. Where hedge accounting is used, the Company reflects hedge ineffectiveness in shareholders’ net income (generally as part of other realized investment gains and losses).
  Features of certain investments and obligations, called embedded derivatives, are accounted for as derivatives. As permitted under GAAP, derivative accounting has not been applied to these features of such investments or obligations existing before January 1, 1999.
Certain subsidiaries of the Company are parties to over-the-counter derivative instruments that contain provisions requiring both parties to such instruments to post collateral depending on net liability thresholds and the party’s financial strength or credit rating. The collateral posting requirements vary by counterparty. The aggregate fair value of derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related contingent features where a subsidiary of the Company was in a net liability position as of September 30, 2009 was $28 million for which the Company was not required to post collateral with its counterparties. If the various contingent features underlying the agreements were triggered as of September 30, 2009, the Company would be required to post collateral equal to the total net liability. Such subsidiaries are parties to certain other derivative instruments that contain termination provisions for which the counterparties could demand immediate payment of the total net liability position if the financial strength rating of the subsidiary were to decline below specified levels. As of September 30, 2009, there was no net liability position under such derivative instruments.
The tables below present information about the nature and accounting treatment of the Company’s primary derivative financial instruments including the Company’s purpose for entering into specific derivative transactions, and their locations in and effect on the financial statements as of and for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2009. Derivatives in the Company’s separate accounts are excluded from the tables because associated gains and losses generally accrue directly to policyholders.

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Instrument / Volume                
of Activity   Primary Risk   Purpose   Cash Flows   Accounting Policy
 
Derivatives Designated as Accounting Hedges — Cash Flow Hedges
 
 
               
Interest rate swaps — $123 million of par value of related investments

Foreign currency swaps — $179 million of U.S. dollar equivalent par value of related investments

Combination swaps (interest rate and foreign currency) — $54 million of U.S. dollar equivalent par value of related investments
  Interest rate and foreign currency   To hedge the interest and/or foreign currency cash flows of fixed maturities and commercial mortgage loans to match associated liabilities. Currency swaps are primarily euros, Australian dollars, Canadian dollars and British pounds for periods of up to 12 years.   The Company periodically exchanges cash flows between variable and fixed interest rates and/or between two currencies for both principal and interest. Net interest cash flows are reported in net investment income and included in operating activities.   Using cash flow hedge accounting, fair values are reported in other long-term investments or other liabilities and accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized into net investment income or reported in other realized investment gains and losses as interest or principal payments are received.
 
               
     
    Fair Value Effect on the Financial Statements (in millions)
     
                                 
                    Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other  
    As of September 30, 2009     Comprehensive Income  
            Accounts Payable,              
    Other Long-Term     Accrued Expenses and     Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
Instrument   Investments     Other Liabilities     September 30, 2009     September 30, 2009  
Interest rate swaps
  $ 10     $     $ 1     $ (4 )
Foreign currency swaps
    5       24       (7 )     (22 )
Interest rate and foreign currency swaps
          4       (4 )     (11 )
 
                       
Total
  $ 15     $ 28     $ (10 )   $ (37 )
 
                       
                 
Purchased options — $309 million of cash surrender value of related life insurance policies
  Interest rate   To hedge the possibility of early policyholder cash surrender when the amortized cost of underlying invested assets is greater than their fair values.   The Company pays a fee and may receive or pay cash, based on the difference between the amortized cost and fair values of underlying invested assets at the time of policyholder surrender. These cash flows will be reported in financing activities.   Using cash flow hedge accounting, fair values are reported in other assets or other liabilities, with changes in fair value reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized to other benefit expenses over the life of the underlying invested assets.
     
    Fair Value Effect on the Financial Statements
     
 
               
Fair values reported in other assets and other comprehensive income were less than $1 million.
 
               
Treasury lock
  Interest rate   To hedge the variability of and fix at inception date, the benchmark Treasury rate component of future interest payments on debt to be issued.   The Company paid the fair value of the contract at the expiration. Cash flows are reported in operating activities.   Using cash flow hedge accounting, fair values are reported in short-term investments or other liabilities, with changes in fair value reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt issued.
 
               
     
    Fair Value Effect on the Financial Statements
     
 
               
    In the first quarter of 2009, all treasury locks matured and the Company recognized a gain of $14 million in other comprehensive income, resulting in net cumulative losses of $26 million, to be amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt. In the second quarter of 2009, the Company issued debt and began amortizing this loss to interest expense.
 
The amount of gains (losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into income was not significant. No gains (losses) were recognized due to ineffectiveness and no amounts were excluded from the assessment of hedge ineffectiveness.

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