Pyloric Stenosis

Topic Overview

What is pyloric stenosis?

Pyloric stenosis is a problem with a baby’s stomach that causes forceful vomiting. It happens when the baby's pylorus, which connects the stomach and the small intestine, swells and thickens. This can keep food from moving into the intestine.

A baby may get pyloric stenosis anytime between birth and 5 months of age. It usually starts about 3 weeks after birth. If your baby was born early (premature), symptoms may start later.

What causes pyloric stenosis?

Experts don't know what causes pyloric stenosis. It may be passed down through families.

What are the symptoms?

A baby with pyloric stenosis may:

• Vomit soon after a feeding.
• Have a full, swollen upper belly after a feeding.
• Act fussy and hungry a lot of the time.
• Have fewer and harder stools than normal.
• Pass less urine than normal.

Vomiting usually starts gradually. As the pylorus becomes tighter, the vomiting may become more frequent and more forceful.

As the vomiting continues, your baby may:

• Lose weight.
• Become dehydrated.
• Be sleepier than normal and very fussy when awake.

How is pyloric stenosis diagnosed?

Your doctor will do a physical exam and ask about your baby's symptoms. If your baby has pyloric stenosis, the doctor may be able to feel a small lump in the upper part of the belly.

In some cases your baby may need imaging tests, such as an upper GI (gastrointestinal) series or an abdominal ultrasound. Your baby also may need blood tests to see if he or she is dehydrated.

How is it treated?

Pyloric stenosis is treated with surgery to widen the opening between the stomach and the small intestine. Surgery rarely causes problems, and almost all babies recover completely. After surgery, your baby probably won't get pyloric stenosis again.

Your baby likely will be ready to go home within 2 days after surgery. Being involved in your baby's care while he or she is in the hospital may help you feel more comfortable when you take your baby home. Talk with the doctor about how to feed your baby and what to expect. It's normal to feel nervous, but don't be afraid to hold and handle your baby.

Frequently Asked Questions

Learning about pyloric stenosis:	What is pyloric stenosis? Who gets pyloric stenosis? When should I call a doctor?
Being diagnosed:	What questions will the doctor ask? What is an upper GI series? What is an abdominal ultrasound?
Getting treatment:	How can I comfort my baby in the hospital?

Other Places To Get Help

Organizations

American College of Gastroenterology
P.O. Box 342260
Bethesda, MD  20827-2260
Phone:	(301) 263-9000
Web Address:	www.acg.gi.org
The American College of Gastroenterology is an organization of digestive disease specialists. The Web site contains information about common gastrointestinal problems.
American Academy of Pediatrics
141 Northwest Point Boulevard
Elk Grove Village, IL  60007-1098
Phone:	(847) 434-4000
Fax:	(847) 434-8000
Email:	kidsdocs@aap.org
Web Address:	www.aap.org
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) offers a variety of educational materials, such as links to publications about parenting and general growth and development. Immunization information, safety and prevention tips, AAP guidelines for various conditions, and links to other organizations are also available.
KidsHealth for Parents, Children, and Teens
10140 Centurion Parkway North
Jacksonville, FL  32256
Phone:	(904) 697-4100
Fax:	(904) 697-4125
Web Address:	www.kidshealth.org
This Web site is sponsored by the Nemours Foundation. It has a wide range of information about children's health, from allergies and diseases to normal growth and development (birth to adolescence). This Web site offers separate areas for kids, teens, and parents, each providing age-appropriate information that the child or parent can understand. You can sign up to get weekly e-mails about your area of interest.

Related Information

• Dehydration
• Nausea and Vomiting, Age 11 and Younger

References

Other Works Consulted

• Middlesworth W, Kadenhe-Chiweshe A (2006). Neonatal intestinal obstruction. In FD Burg et al., eds., Current Pediatric Therapy, 18th ed., pp. 289–293. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

• Russo MA, Redel CA (2006). Anatomy, histology, embryology, and developmental anomalies of the stomach and duodenum. In M Feldman et al., eds., Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 8th ed., vol. 1, pp. 981–998. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier.

• Safford SD, et al. (2005). A study of 11,003 patients with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and the association between surgeon and hospital volume and outcomes. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 40(6): 967–973.

• Wegner KJ (2006). Pyloric stenosis. In MR Dambro, ed., Griffith's 5-Minute Clinical Consult, pp. 940–941. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Credits

By	Healthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer	Susan C. Kim, MD - Pediatrics
Primary Medical Reviewer	Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer	Brad W. Warner, MD - Pediatric Surgery
Last Revised	April 14, 2011

By:	Healthwise Staff	Last Revised: April 14, 2011
Medical Review:	Susan C. Kim, MD - Pediatrics Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine Brad W. Warner, MD - Pediatric Surgery
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