Sprain
A sprain is an injury to the tough ropey fibers (ligaments) that
connect bone to bone.
Symptoms of a sprain may
be mild or severe, and they may sometimes be mistaken for a broken bone
(fracture) because some injuries can cause a sprain and a fracture in the same area.
- First-degree sprains
stretch the ligaments but do not tear them. You may have mild to moderate
swelling and pain but the joint is stable, does not feel loose or wobbly, and
you are able to move normally (although it is likely to be
painful).
- Second-degree sprains partially
tear the ligaments. You may hear or feel a pop or snap at the time of the
injury. Moderate to severe pain and swelling may restrict your movement. The
joint may look bruised and you may have mild to moderate joint
instability.
- Third-degree sprains completely
tear the ligaments. You will usually hear or feel a pop or snap at the time of
the injury. Mild to severe pain, swelling, and bruising may be present.
Symptoms are sometimes less with a complete tear than with a partial tear. Your
joint will feel loose or wobbly and you may hear a grating sound when you try
to move the joint. A bulge may appear at the site of a complete tear. Change of
sensation, such as numbness or tingling, may be present.
Treatment for a sprain includes rest (immobilization), ice,
compression, and elevation. While a minor sprain will often heal well with home
treatment, a moderate to severe sprain may require medical evaluation and
treatment with a cast or splint, physical therapy, medicine, or surgery.
Recovery time for a sprain varies depending on a person's age and health and
the location and severity of the sprain.
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