Condition Basics
What is atopic dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis (also called eczema) is a skin problem that causes intense itching and a red, raised rash. In severe cases, the rash develops clear fluid-filled blisters. The rash is not contagious. You can't catch it from others. People with this condition seem to have very sensitive immune systems that are likely to react to things that cause allergies. The immune system is the body's way of fighting infection.
There is no cure for atopic dermatitis. But you may be able to control it with care at home.
What causes it?
The cause of atopic dermatitis isn't clear. Most people who have it have a personal or family history of allergies. The skin inflammation that causes the atopic dermatitis rash is considered a type of allergic response. It can be triggered by allergens, harsh soaps, temperature changes, stress, and excessive washing.
What are the symptoms?
Atopic dermatitis starts with very itchy, dry skin. The skin becomes red and irritated by scratching. Little blisters may appear and ooze fluid or crust over. A recurring rash can become tough and thick from constant scratching. The areas most often affected are the face, scalp, neck, arms, and legs.
How is it diagnosed?
A doctor can usually tell if you have atopic dermatitis by doing an exam and asking questions about your health. Your doctor may recommend allergy testing. If a specific allergen is triggering your atopic dermatitis, you and your doctor will discuss how to remove it from your diet or environment.
How is atopic dermatitis treated?
Atopic dermatitis is usually treated with medicines that are put on your skin (topical medicines). Gentle skin care, including using plenty of moisturizer, is also important. Early medical treatment may keep your symptoms from getting worse. If the topical medicines don't help, your doctor may prescribe other treatments, such as pills, phototherapy, or injections.